7.4 Radiated Performance of Multiple-antenna Receivers in the UE
37.5443GPPConformance testingRelease 16TSUniversal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA)User Equipment (UE) Over The Air (OTA) performance
7.4.1 Total Radiated Multi-antenna Sensitivity (TRMS) for E-UTRA FDD for Handheld UE in Free Space
Editor’s notes: This subclause is incomplete. The following items are missing or incomplete:
– Statistical significance
7.4.1.1 Definition and applicability
Requirements in this section are stated for the free space configuration and are applicable to handheld devices, and are not applicable to wrist-worn devices.
For the MPAC methodology and the harmonized RTS methodology, the average TRMS of free space data mode portrait (FS DMP), free space data mode landscape (FSDML), and free space data mode screen up (FS DMSU), as defined in Annex E of TR 37.977 [29], when measured at the mid channel shall be lower than the average TRMS requirements specified in subclauses 7.4.1.2. The averaging shall be done in linear scale for the TRMS results at these DUT positions. Two average TRMS quantities are calculated from sensitivity measurements at 70% and 95% throughput, respectively. Average TRMS requirement are shown in the column “Average, 70” and “Average, 95” on the requirement tables.
Where
Such that MODE is one of {FS_DMP, FS_DML, FS_DMSU}, x is one of {70, 95}, and {PMODE,x,0, …, PMODE,x,11} are the measured sensitivity values at each azimuth position.
For the MPAC methodology and the harmonized RTS methodology, if 1 azimuth position does not result in a defined measured sensitivity at 70% or 95% throughput, SMODE,70 or SMODE,95 are calculated using the 11 measured sensitivities and the maximum downlink RS-EPRE PRS-EPRE-MAX (substitution approach) for the one missing result. If 2 azimuth positions do not result in a defined measured sensitivity at 95% throughput, SMODE,95 is calculated using the 10 measured sensitivities and PRS-EPRE-MAX for the two missing results. If more azimuth positions result in undefined values for measured sensitivity at the 70% and/or 95% throughput, then the TRMS requirement for the corresponding throughput levels has not been met by such a device. PRS-EPRE-MAX is defined as -80 dBm/15 kHz and is the maximum downlink RS-EPRE supported by the test system.
The requirements and this test apply to all types of E-UTRA FDD UE for Release 14 and forward.
7.4.1.2 Minimum requirements
Handheld UE TRMS minimum performance requirements for E-UTRA FDD in free space and the primary mechanical mode for 70% and 95% DL throughput with the reference measurement channel defined in Clause 7 of TR 37.977 [29] are defined in Table 7.4.1.2-1.
Table 7.4.1.2-1: Handheld UE TRMS minimum requirements for E-UTRA FDD roaming bands in free space and the primary mechanical mode
|
Test 1 |
|||
|
Channel Model as defined in Annex M.1 |
SCME urban micro-cell |
||
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> |
|
|
Average, 70 |
Average, 95 |
||
|
1 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-94.75 |
-92.75 |
|
3 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-93.75 |
-91.75 |
|
5 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-91.5 |
-89.5 |
|
7 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-92.5 |
-90.5 |
|
13 |
dBm/15 kHz |
TBD |
TBD |
|
19 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-91.5 |
-89.5 |
|
NOTE: Applicability for devices supporting 4-receiver architectures is not confirmed. |
|||
The normative reference for this clause is TS 37.144 [12] Subclause 8.1.1.1.
7.4.1.3 Test Purpose
The purpose of this test is to ensure that the UE meets the TRMS minimum performance requirements for E-UTRA FDD specified in Subclause 7.4.1.2.
7.4.1.4 Method of test for Multi-probe Anechoic Chamber
7.4.1.4.1 Initial conditions
A radio communications tester or a corresponding device is used as a NB/BS simulator to setup calls to the DUT according to Annex P.1.
Channel model shall be set according to Annex M.1 and the emulated antenna array configuration shall be set according to Annex M.2.
Chamber environment constraints and coordinate system shall be the same as described in Annex A.5.1.
Test environment according to Annex O.
The positioning of the device under test within the test volume shall be set as defined in Annex A.5.2.
The calibration procedure is specified in Annex B.2.3.
Positioning Requirements shall be according to Annex A.5.2.
Initial conditions are a set of test configurations the UE shall be tested in and the steps for the SS to take with the UE to reach the correct measurement state for each test case.
1) Ensure environmental requirements of Annex O are met.
2) Configure the test system according to Annex P.1 for the applicable test case.
3) Verify the implementation of the channel model as specified in Annex M.
NOTE: The verification of the channel model implementation can be part of the laboratory accreditation process i.e. performed once for each channel model, and will remain valid as long as the setup and instruments remain unchanged. Otherwise the channel model validation may need to be performed prior to starting each throughput test.
4) Position the UE in the chamber according to Annex A.5.2.
5) Power on the UE.
6) Set up the connection.
7.4.1.4.2 Procedure
1) Follow Steps 1 and 2 in Subclause 7.3.4.2 of 3GPP TS 36.521-1 [11].
2) Set the Downlink signal level to the appropriate REFSENS value defined in Table 7.1.9.5-1 for 95 % throughput of the maximum throughput of the reference channel (maximum throughput is per Annex A of 3GPP TS 36.521-1 [11]) for azimuth position 0. Send continuously uplink power control "up" commands in the uplink scheduling information to the UE to ensure the UE transmits PUMAX level for at least the duration of the Throughput measurement. Measure the average throughput for a duration sufficient to achieve statistical significance TBD.
NOTE 1: The downlink power step size shall be no more than 0.5 dB when RF power level is near the LTE MIMO sensitivity level.
NOTE 2: The initial RS EPRE can be set to the user’s freely selectable level. Recommended initial RS EPRE is found in Tables P.1-1 and P.1-2.
NOTE 3: The throughput value target DL power level can be changed using user’s freely selectable algorithm.
NOTE 4: For devices that do not reach target throughput, the highest RS EPRE at which throughput is measured shall be -80 dBm/15 kHz. The starting RS EPRE level of the LTE MIMO sensitivity level search does not need to be specified (NOTE 2)
NOTE 5: For devices that exhibit non-linear throughput behaviour and that achieve target throughput at multiple RF power levels, LTE MIMO sensitivity level is chosen to be lowest measured DL power level which crosses the target throughput level
3) Repeat Steps 2 for all azimuth positions: Rotate the UE around vertical axis of the test system by 30 degrees and repeat from Step 2 until one complete rotation has been measured i.e. 12 different UE azimuth rotations. A list of orientations is given in Annex A.5.2.
4) Repeat Steps 2 & 3 for all MODEs as specified in Clause 7.4.1.1.
5) Repeat Steps 2, 3 & 4 for 70% throughput as specified in Clause 7.4.1.1.
6) Use post processing and averaging method specified in Clause 7.4.1.1 and calculate average TRMS for 70% and 95% throughput levels.
7.4.1.4A Method of test for Radiated Two-Stage
Use of the RTS method for conformance test depends on the specification of the UE antenna test function which is defined in TR 36.978 [34].
7.4.1.4A.1 Initial conditions
A radio communications tester or a corresponding device is used as a NB/BS simulator to setup calls to the DUT according to Clause P.1.
Channel model shall be set according to Clause M.1 and the emulated antenna array configuration shall be set according to Clause M.2 and Annex C of TR 37.977 [29].
Chamber environment constraints and coordinate system shall be the same as described in Annex A.5.1.2.
Test environment according to Annex O.
The positioning of the device under test within the test volume shall be set as defined in Annex A.5.2.
The calibration procedure is specified in Annex B.2.4.
Positioning Requirements shall be according to Annex A.5.2.
Initial conditions are a set of test configurations the UE shall be tested in and the steps for the SS to take with the UE to reach the correct measurement state for each test case.
1) Ensure environmental requirements of Annex O are met.
2) Configure the test system according to P.1 for the applicable test case.
3) Verify the implementation of the channel model as specified in Annex M.
NOTE: The verification of the channel model implementation can be part of the laboratory accreditation process i.e. performed once for each channel model, and will remain valid as long as the setup and instruments remain unchanged. Otherwise the channel model validation may need to be performed prior to starting each throughput test.
4) Position the UE in the chamber according to Annex A.5.2.
5) Power on the UE.
6) Set up the connection.
7.4.1.4A.2 Procedure
The following steps shall be followed in order to evaluate MIMO OTA performance of the DUT:
1) Measure the DUT complex antenna pattern at a nominal -60 dBm downlink power as described in Annex A.5.1.2.1 first stage
2) Select an appropriate orientation from the measured antenna pattern and establish a radiated MIMO connection to the DUT using the V and H probes as described in Annex A.5.1.2.1 second stage. Measure the transmission matrix in the chamber and apply the inverse matrix to the MIMO signal. The DUT orientation at which this is done is selected to optimize the achievable isolation. The unknown gain of the DUT antennas represented by the absolute accuracy of the RSAP measurement is then de-embedded from the measured antenna pattern. This is done by comparing the RSAP measurement from the first stage at the orientation being used in the second stage, to a second RSAP measurement made in the second stage using a nominal signal of -60 dBm adjusted by the uncorrected antenna gain for that orientation. The difference in the RSAP measurements represents the true antenna gain for that orientation.
3) With the desired channel model applied, measure the isolation in dB between each stream as seen by the DUT receiver and ensure it is at least 15 dB averaged over at least 200 RSAP measurements.
4) Using the calibrated radiated connection validate monotonicity of the DUT RSAP and RSARP measurements over the range and step size defined in Annex R.
5) Once monotonicity has been validated, check the linearity of RSAP at the orientation of the peak antenna gain over the range -60 dBm to -80 dBm is < 1 dB. Check the linearity of RSARP over the range +/= 180 degrees is < 5 degrees. If the uncorrected RSAP or RSARP results do not meet the linearity requirements, calculate and apply a transfer function to the measured patterns to ensure the necessary linearity; if the linearity fails, it must be re-validated after a transfer function has been applied.
6) Convolve the antenna patterns from stage 1, linearized if necessary, with the channel model in the channel emulator and perform the throughput test.
7) Record the throughput for each DUT orientation controlled by the channel emulator and each RS EPRE level.
8) Identify and report the RS EPRE level achieving 70% throughput for averaged throughput.
NOTE 1: The initial RS EPRE can be set to the user’s freely selectable level.
Recommended initial RS EPRE is found in Tables P.1-1 and P.1-2.
NOTE 2: To meet the throughput value target DL RS EPRE level can be changed using user’s freely selectable algorithm.
7.4.1.5 Test requirements
For Handheld UE TRMS minimum performance test requirements for E-UTRA FDD in free space and the primary mechanical mode for 70% and 95% DL throughput with the reference measurement channel defined in Clause 7 of TR 37.977 [29] are specified in Table 7.4.1.6-1.
Table 7.4.1.6-1: Handheld UE TRMS minimum test requirements for E-UTRA FDD roaming bands in free space and the primary mechanical mode
|
Test 1 |
|||
|
Channel Model as defined in Annex M.1 |
SCME urban micro-cell |
||
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> |
|
|
Average, 70 |
Average, 95 |
||
|
1 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-93.75 |
-91.75 |
|
3 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-92.75 |
-90.75 |
|
5 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-90.50 |
-88.50 |
|
7 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-91.50 |
-89.50 |
|
13 |
dBm/15 kHz |
TBD |
TBD |
|
19 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-90.50 |
-88.50 |
|
NOTE: Applicability for devices supporting 4-receiver architectures is not confirmed. |
|||
7.4.2 Total Radiated Multi-antenna Sensitivity (TRMS) for E-UTRA TDD for Handheld UE in Free Space
Editor’s note: This subclause is incomplete. The following items are missing or incomplete:
– Statistical significance
7.4.2.1 Definition and applicability
Requirements in this section are stated for the free space configuration and are applicable to handheld devices, and are not applicable to wrist-worn devices.
For the reference MPAC methodology and the harmonized RTS methodology, the average TRMS of free space data mode portrait (FS DMP), free space data mode landscape (FSDML), and free space data mode screen up (FS DMSU), as defined in Annex E of TR 37.977 [29], when measured at the mid channel shall be lower than the average TRMS requirements specified in subclauses 7.4.2.2. The averaging shall be done in linear scale for the TRMS results at these DUT positions. Two average TRMS quantities are calculated from sensitivity measurements at 70% and 95% throughput, respectively. Average TRMS requirement are shown in the column “Average, 70” and “Average, 95” on the requirement tables.
Where
Such that MODE is one of {FS_DMP, FS_DML, FS_DMSU}, x is one of {70, 95}, and {PMODE,x,0, …, PMODE,x,11} are the measured sensitivity values at each azimuth position.
For the reference MPAC methodology and the harmonized RTS methodology, if 1 azimuth position does not result in a defined measured sensitivity at 70% or 95% throughput, SMODE,70 or SMODE,95 are calculated using the 11 measured sensitivities and the maximum downlink RS-EPRE PRS-EPRE-MAX (substitution approach) for the one missing result. If 2 azimuth positions do not result in a defined measured sensitivity at 95% throughput, SMODE,95 is calculated using the 10 measured sensitivities and PRS-EPRE-MAX for the two missing results. If more azimuth positions result in undefined values for measured sensitivity at the 70% and/or 95% throughput, then the TRMS requirement for the corresponding throughput levels has not been met by such a device. PRS-EPRE-MAX is defined as -80 dBm/15 kHz and is the maximum downlink RS-EPRE supported by the test system.
The requirements and this test apply to all types of E-UTRA TDD UE for Release 14 and forward. Use of the TDD RTS test method requires the device supports the ATF defined in Annex R, uses only two Rx antennas for the tested band and the antenna pattern shall not change in response to the radio environment.
7.4.2.2 Minimum requirements
Handheld UE TRMS minimum performance requirements for E-UTRA TDD in free space and the primary mechanical mode for 70% and 95% DL throughput with the reference measurement channel defined in Clause 7 of TR 37.977 [29] are defined in Table 7.4.2.2-1.
Table 7.4.2.2-1: Handheld UE TRMS minimum requirements for E-UTRA TDD roaming bands in free space and the primary mechanical mode
|
Test 1 |
|||
|
Channel Model as defined in Annex M.1 |
SCME urban micro-cell |
||
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> |
|
|
Average, 70 |
Average, 95 |
||
|
38 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-95.5 |
-93.5 |
|
41 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-95.5 |
-93.5 |
|
NOTE 1: In this version of the specification, restricted to E-UTRA DL operation when carrier aggregation is configured. NOTE 2: Applicability for devices supporting 4-receiver architectures is not confirmed. |
|||
The normative reference for this clause is TS 37.144 [12] Subclause 8.1.1.2.
7.4.2.3 Test Purpose
The purpose of this test is to ensure that the UE meets the TRMS minimum performance requirements for E-UTRA TDD specified in Subclause 7.4.2.2.
7.4.2.4 Method of test for Multi-probe Anechoic Chamber
7.4.2.4.1 Initial conditions
A radio communications tester or a corresponding device is used as a NB/BS simulator to setup calls to the DUT according to Annex P.1.
Channel model shall be set according to Annex M.1 and the emulated antenna array configuration shall be set according to Annex M.2.
Chamber environment constraints and coordinate system shall be the same as described in Annex A.5.1.
Test environment according to Annex O.
The positioning of the device under test within the test volume shall be set as defined in Annex A.5.2.
The calibration procedure is specified in Annex B.2.3.
Positioning Requirements shall be according to Annex A5.2.
Initial conditions are a set of test configurations the UE shall be tested in and the steps for the SS to take with the UE to reach the correct measurement state for each test case.
1) Ensure environmental requirements of Annex O are met.
2) Configure the test system according to Annex P.1 for the applicable test case.
3) Verify the implementation of the channel model as specified in Annex M.
NOTE: The verification of the channel model implementation can be part of the laboratory accreditation process i.e. performed once for each channel model, and will remain valid as long as the setup and instruments remain unchanged. Otherwise the channel model validation may need to be performed prior to starting each throughput test.
4) Position the UE in the chamber according to Annex A.5.2.
5) Power on the UE.
6) Set up the connection.
7.4.2.4.2 Procedure
1) Follow Steps 1 and 2 in Subclause 7.3.4.2 of 3GPP TS 36.521-1 [11].
2) Set the Downlink signal level to the appropriate REFSENS value defined in Table 7.1.9.5-1 for 95 % throughput of the maximum throughput of the reference channel (maximum throughput is per Annex A of 3GPP TS 36.521-1 [11]) for azimuth position 0. Send continuously uplink power control "up" commands in the uplink scheduling information to the UE to ensure the UE transmits PUMAX level for at least the duration of the Throughput measurement. Measure the average throughput for a duration sufficient to achieve statistical significance TBD.
NOTE 1: The downlink power step size shall be no more than 0.5 dB when RF power level is near the LTE MIMO sensitivity level.
NOTE 2: The initial RS EPRE can be set to the user’s freely selectable level. Recommended initial RS EPRE is found in Tables P.1-1 and P.1-2.
NOTE 3: The throughput value target DL power level can be changed using user’s freely selectable algorithm.
NOTE 4: For devices that do not reach target throughput, the highest RS EPRE at which throughput is measured shall be -80 dBm/15 kHz. The starting RS EPRE level of the LTE MIMO sensitivity level search does not need to be specified (NOTE 2)
NOTE 5: For devices that exhibit non-linear throughput behaviour and that achieve target throughput at multiple RF power levels, LTE MIMO sensitivity level is chosen to be lowest measured DL power level which crosses the target throughput level
3) Repeat Steps 2 for all azimuth positions: Rotate the UE around vertical axis of the test system by 30 degrees and repeat from Step 2 until one complete rotation has been measured i.e. 12 different UE azimuth rotations. A list of orientations is given in Annex A.5.2.
4) Repeat Steps 2 & 3 for all MODEs as specified in Clause 7.4.2.1.
5) Repeat Steps 2, 3 & 4 for 70% throughput as specified in Clause 7.4.2.1.
6) Use post processing and averaging method specified in Clause 7.4.2.1 and calculate average TRMS for 70% and 95% throughput levels.
7.4.2.4A Method of test for Radiated Two-Stage
Use of the RTS method for conformance test depends on the specification of the UE antenna test function which is defined in TR 36.978 [34].
7.4.2.4A.1 Initial conditions
A radio communications tester or a corresponding device is used as a NB/BS simulator to setup calls to the DUT according to Clause P.1.
Channel model shall be set according to Clause M.1 and the emulated antenna array configuration shall be set according to Clause M.2 and Annex C of TR 37.977 [29].
Chamber environment constraints and coordinate system shall be the same as described in Annex A.5.1.2.
Test environment according to Annex O.
The positioning of the device under test within the test volume shall be set as defined in Annex A.5.2.
The calibration procedure is specified in Annex B.2.4.
Positioning Requirements shall be according to Annex A.5.2.
Initial conditions are a set of test configurations the UE shall be tested in and the steps for the SS to take with the UE to reach the correct measurement state for each test case.
1) Ensure environmental requirements of Annex O are met.
2) Configure the test system according to P.1 for the applicable test case.
3) Verify the implementation of the channel model as specified in Annex M.
NOTE: The verification of the channel model implementation can be part of the laboratory accreditation process i.e. performed once for each channel model, and will remain valid as long as the setup and instruments remain unchanged. Otherwise the channel model validation may need to be performed prior to starting each throughput test.
4) Position the UE in the chamber according to Annex A.5.2.
5) Power on the UE.
6) Set up the connection.
7.4.2.4A.2 Procedure
The following steps shall be followed in order to evaluate MIMO OTA performance of the DUT:
1) Measure the DUT complex antenna pattern at a nominal -60 dBm downlink power as described in Annex A.5.1.2.1 first stage
2) Select an appropriate orientation from the measured antenna pattern and establish a radiated MIMO connection to the DUT using the V and H probes as described in Annex A.5.1.2.1 second stage. Measure the transmission matrix in the chamber and apply the inverse matrix to the MIMO signal. The DUT orientation at which this is done is selected to optimize the achievable isolation. The unknown gain of the DUT antennas represented by the absolute accuracy of the RSAP measurement is then de-embedded from the measured antenna pattern. This is done by comparing the RSAP measurement from the first stage at the orientation being used in the second stage, to a second RSAP measurement made in the second stage using a nominal signal of -60 dBm adjusted by the uncorrected antenna gain for that orientation. The difference in the RSAP measurements represents the true antenna gain for that orientation.
3) With the desired channel model applied, measure the isolation in dB between each stream as seen by the DUT receiver and ensure it is at least 15 dB averaged over at least 200 RSAP measurements.
4) Using the calibrated radiated connection validate monotonicity of the DUT RSAP and RSARP measurements over the range and step size defined in Annex R.
5) Once monotonicity has been validated, check the linearity of RSAP at the orientation of the peak antenna gain over the range -60 dBm to -80 dBm is < 1 dB. Check the linearity of RSARP over the range +/= 180 degrees is < 5 degrees. If the uncorrected RSAP or RSARP results do not meet the linearity requirements, calculate and apply a transfer function to the measured patterns to ensure the necessary linearity; if the linearity fails, it must be re-validated after a transfer function has been applied.
6) Convolve the antenna patterns from stage 1, linearized if necessary, with the channel model in the channel emulator and perform the throughput test.
7) Record the throughput for each DUT orientation controlled by the channel emulator and each RS EPRE level.
8) Identify and report the RS EPRE level achieving 70% throughput for averaged throughput.
NOTE 1: The initial RS EPRE can be set to the user’s freely selectable level.
Recommended initial RS EPRE is found in Tables P.1-1 and P.1-2.
NOTE 2: To meet the throughput value target DL RS EPRE level can be changed using user’s freely selectable algorithm.
7.4.2.5 Test requirements
For Handheld UE TRMS minimum performance test requirements for E-UTRA TDD in free space and the primary mechanical mode for 70% and 95% DL throughput with the reference measurement channel defined in Clause 7 of TR 37.977 [29] are specified in Table 7.4.2.5-1.
Table 7.4.2.5-1: Handheld UE TRMS minimum test requirements for E-UTRA TDD roaming bands in free space and the primary mechanical mode
|
Test 1 |
|||
|
Channel Model as defined in Annex M.1 |
SCME urban micro-cell |
||
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> |
|
|
Average, 70 |
Average, 95 |
||
|
38 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-94.5 |
-92.5 |
|
41 |
dBm/15 kHz |
-94.5 |
-92.5 |
|
NOTE 1: In this version of the specification, restricted to E-UTRA DL operation when carrier aggregation is configured. NOTE 2: Applicability for devices supporting 4-receiver architectures is not confirmed. |
|||
Annex A (normative): Test system characterization and environmental requirements