E.12 Tx-power drift of DUT
37.5443GPPConformance testingRelease 16TSUniversal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA)User Equipment (UE) Over The Air (OTA) performance
A single point power reference measurement in the beginning and at the end of the measurement procedure is recommended to monitor the power drift of the DUT. Based on TX-power drift measurements for typical 3G UE, an uncertainty of 0.2 dB shall be entered to uncertainty budget with a rectangular distribution. If the drift measurement indicates larger drift, the actual drift shall be included to uncertainty.
In order to minimize Tx-power drift error it’s recommended to interleave sensitivity and power measurement of multiple channels. This spreads the measurements over a longer period, which helps to average the drift of the TX-power.
Typical TX-power drifts of 3G UE, measured in a single angular point, DUT placed against phantom head are shown in Figure E.12-1.
Figure E.12-1: Output power variation of typical 3G UE during battery life
E.13 Uncertainty related to the use of phantoms
E.13.1 Uncertainty from using different types of SAM phantom
This uncertainty contribution originates from the fact that different laboratories may use the two different versions of SAM head: the SAM head phantom or the SAM phantom including the head and the shoulders. The standard SAM head is the specified phantom. However, the use of the other type of SAM is also allowed with the requirement that the resulting uncertainty contribution is taken into account in the uncertainty budget.
E.13.2 Simulated tissue liquid uncertainty
This uncertainty will occur, if the laboratory uses a liquid which has dielectric parameters deviating more than ±15% of the target parameters.
E.13.3 Uncertainty of dielectric properties and shape of the hand phantom
The hand phantom makes a contribution to OTA measurement uncertainty due to the manufacturing tolerances of its dielectric properties and shape. The dielectric properties on the surface of the hand may differ from those of its interior, so both are included in the evaluation. The moulded exterior surface of the hand shall be measured directly with an open-ended coaxial probe. The interior hand material is evaluated indirectly, by substituting a cube-shaped sample moulded from the same material and having some exterior surfaces removed. Following procedure will be used to evaluate the dielectric properties of the hand phantom;
1. Each hand shall be manufactured together with a reference cube of the same material. The sides of the reference cube shall be not less than 40 mm in length.
2. The moulded surface on three orthogonal sides of the cube shall be sliced away to a depth of at least 3 mm, in order to expose interior material for evaluation. The remaining three sides of the cube shall be left untreated.
3. Relative permittivity and conductivity shall be measured at ten different points on each of the three cut, exposed surfaces of the reference cube, and the combined interior averages (
, 
, 30 points) and standard deviations (
,
,30 points) shall be calculated. Individual interior averages for each of these three sides (
,
,10 points) shall also be calculated.
4. Relative permittivity and conductivity shall be measured at ten points on the hand phantom exterior. A measurement point shall be located to each fingertip or as close to the tip as applicable. One measurement point shall be located to the back of the hand and one to the inner surface of wrist area. The exterior averages ( 
,
, 10 points) and standard deviations (
,
, 10 points) calculated accordingly.
5. The total averages (
, 
) shall be calculated as the average of exterior and interior values by either evaluating all data points or using equations : 
, 
6. The total standard deviations (
, 
) shall be calculated as the statistical combination of exterior and interior values by either evaluating all data points or using equations: 
, 
7. The hands are acceptable for radiated performance testing, i.e., meet the minimal requirements, if
a. 
deviate by less than 15% from the target values
b. deviate by less than 25% from the target values
c. the difference between the averaged permittivity of each 10-point interior surface deviates by less than 10% and by less than 20% from the total average
d. the difference between the averaged conductivity of each 10-point interior surface 
deviates by less than 20% and by less than 30% from the total average
e. the standard deviation of the combined measurements (30 interior points and 10 exterior points) is less than 20% for permittivity and less than 40% for conductivity
8. For the hands meeting the minimal requirements of step 7, the following approximations shall be used to determine the hand uncertainty due to dielectric properties.
,
, , are the values determined as defined above and 
and 
are expanded measurement uncertainties (k = 2) of the dielectric parameter measurement method. The cube will be provided together with the hand such that the user can evaluate if the interior (cube) properties of the hand has degenerated over time by performing the test above. Coefficient c1 =0.78, c2 = 0.39 and a1 = 0.50 were determined by numeric simulations.
In case the hand phantoms are manufactured within CAD models, the tolerance is 2% and therefore the effects shape errors are negligible. If the tolerance is larger, a numerical study must be conducted.
E.13.4 Uncertainty from using different types of Laptop Ground Plane phantom
This uncertainty contribution originates from the fact that different laboratories may use different variations of Laptop Ground Plane phantom. The standard Laptop Ground Plane is the specified phantom.
E.14 Coarse sampling grid
Degreasing of sampling density to finite amount of samples affects the measurement uncertainty by two different errors. First is due to inadequate number of samples and second is a systematic discrimination approximation error in TRP and TRS equations.
Figure E.14-1 shows simulated sampling grid errors for typical 3G UE. Approximation error is not included. Simulations are based on thin plate surface interpolation of real radiation patters, measured beside a phantom head.
Figure E.14-1: Simulated TPR/TRS error as a function of sampling grid
The offset of systematic approximation error can be expressed by using formula
.
where
is number of angular intervals in elevation,
is elevation.
Figure E.14-2: Approximation error of TRP/TRS
The 10 or 15 sampling grid used in TRP measurements has been shown to introduce only very small differences as compared to the results obtained with denser grids, so with that sampling grid the uncertainty contribution can assumed negligible.
When using sample step size of 15 – 30, standard uncertainty of 0.15dB can be assumed to cover errors. If step size >30 is used, larger uncertainty should be considered.
NOTE: the simulation results presented here are not usable for irregular sampling grids or in the case of MEG/MERS.
E.15 Random uncertainty
The random uncertainty characterizes the undefined and miscellaneous effects which cannot be forecasted. One can estimate this type of uncertainty with a repeatability test by making a series of repeated measurement with a reference DUT without changing anything in the measurement set-up.
The random uncertainty differs from one laboratory to another. Moreover, each DUT has its own electromagnetic behaviour and random uncertainty. Some uncertainty also occurs from the positioning of the DUT against the SAM phantom, as the DUT cannot be attached exactly in the same way every time. This uncertainty depends on how much the DUT’s positioning against the SAM phantom and hand phantoms varies from the specified testing positions. It is noted that the uncertainty of the phone positioning depends on the phone holder and the measurement operator and is in fact difficult to distinguish from random uncertainty. Some uncertainty also occurs from the positioning of the DUT plugged into the Laptop Ground Plane phantom, as the DUT may not be plugged into the USB connector and positioned exactly in the same way every time. This uncertainty depends on how much the DUT’s position plugged into the Laptop Ground Plane phantom varies from the specified plug-in position. Therefore, the positioning uncertainty is included in random uncertainty.
To estimate this uncertainty for the SAM phantom, it is suggested to perform at least five evaluations of TRP/TRS whereby the device shall be dismounted and newly positioned with a fully charged battery before each tests. This measurement set has to be carried out in mid channel of lowest and highest frequency bands utilized by the testing lab, for at least three phones with different type of mechanical design. The values have to be normalized by the mean for each measurement set. As a result the uncertainty contribution entered to uncertainty budget is the difference between the maximum and minimum normalized value.
With head and hand phantoms, random uncertainty evaluation may be done separately for each measurement configuration i.e. head only, browsing mode or speech mode. A speech mode random uncertainty evaluation, were both head and hand phantoms are used, can reasonably be considered to be the worst-case scenario and thus random uncertainties in other configurations to be less.
To estimate this uncertainty for the Laptop Ground Plane phantom, it is suggested to perform at least five evaluations of TRP/TRS for the plug-in position whereby the device shall be dismounted and newly positioned before each tests. This measurement set has to be carried out in mid channel of lowest and highest frequency bands utilized by the testing lab, for at least three USBs with different type of mechanical design. The values have to be normalized by the mean for each measurement set. As a result the uncertainty contribution entered to uncertainty budget is the difference between the maximum and minimum normalized value.
E.16 Uncertainty of network analyzer
This uncertainty includes the all uncertainties involved in the S21 measurement with a network analyzer, and will be calculated from the manufacturer’s data in logs with a rectangular distribution, unless otherwise informed, (see clause 5.1.2 in [26]).
E.17 Uncertainty of the gain/efficiency of the calibration antenna
The calibration antenna only appears in Stage 2. Therefore, the gain/efficiency uncertainty has to be taken into account.
This uncertainty will be calculated from the manufacturer’s data in logs with a rectangular distribution, unless otherwise informed (see clause 5.1.2 in [26]).
If the manufacturer’s data do not give the information, the value has to be checked, see annex A-12 in [27].
E.18 Base station simulator: uncertainty of the absolute level
The transmitter device (typically a BS Simulator) is used to drive a signal to the horn antenna in sensitivity tests either as an absolute level or as a relative level. Receiving device used is typically a UE/MS. Generally there occurs uncertainty contribution from limited absolute level accuracy and non-linearity of the BS Simulator.
For practical reasons, the calibration measurement (Stage 2) should be only performed with the probe antenna as a receiver. Hence, the uncertainty on the absolute level of the transmitter device cannot be assumed as systematic. This uncertainty should be calculated from the manufacturer’s data in logs with a rectangular distribution, unless otherwise informed (see clause 5.1.2 in [26]). Furthermore, the uncertainty of the non-linearity of the device is included in the absolute level uncertainty.
E.19 BER measurement: output level step resolution
When output power of the BS simulator is swept to reach the BER target, used power step resolution creates this uncertainty. Output power step used in the BER measurement is divided by factor 2 to obtain the uncertainty with rectangular distribution.
E.20 Statistical uncertainty of the BER measurement
To study statistical uncertainty of BER measurement, see ETSI document TR 100 028-1, section 6.6 [25]. For a BER target of 1%±0.2% using 20000 bits, uncertainty of 0.19 dB for a single measurement can be used. Using a BER target of 10%±2% with 20000 tested bits will lead to uncertainty of 0.46dB/single measurement.
For a full TRS measurement with a regular sampling grid, the statistical uncertainty can be approximated by using the following formula:
,
Where
is the statistical uncertainty of single measurement,
is the number of measurements.
E.21 BER data rate normalization uncertainty
This uncertainty occurs only when a higher data rate than 12.2kbps is used to speed up TRS measurement. It can be calculated using following formula:
,
Where
is the statistical uncertainty of the used reference measurement,
is the statistical uncertainty of the higher data rate measurement,
Is the number of measured reference points.
E.22 DUT sensitivity drift
Due to statistical uncertainty of BER measurement, drift in the TRS cannot be monitored similarly to TRP. An uncertainty value of 0.2dB can be used, or the TRS drift should be measured, with a setup corresponding to the actual TRS measurement.
E.23 Cable loss measurement uncertainty
Before performing the calibration, cable losses have to be measured. This measurement includes a standard uncertainty, which is composed of the mismatch, and the insertion loss uncertainties. In the calibration measurement, the transmitter part is composed with the calibration antenna, cables, and signal generator. The receiver part is composed with the probe antenna, cables, and measurement device.
The cable loss of transmitter and receiver parts should be measured separately. By this way, the cable losses will be compliant with the cable routing of the calibration stage. On the opposite, if the cable losses were measured together at the same time, the measured values would include errors from miscellaneous mismatch contributions, which do not appear in the cable routing of the calibration stage.
The cable loss measurement uncertainty is the result of the RSS of the uncertainty contributions listed in Table E.23-1.
Table E.23-1: Uncertainty contributions in the cable loss measurement
|
Description of uncertainty contribution |
Standard Uncertainty (dB) |
|
Mismatch uncertainty of cable(s) receiver part |
|
|
Insertion loss of the cable(s) receiver part |
|
|
Measurement device: absolute level uncertainty |
|
|
Measurement device: linearity |
|
|
Mismatch uncertainty of cable(s) transmitter part |
|
|
Insertion loss of the cable(s) transmitter part |
|
|
Signal generator: absolute output level uncertainty |
|
|
Signal generator: output level stability uncertainty |
|
|
Cable loss measurement uncertainty (RSS) |
E.24 Signal generator: uncertainty of the absolute output level
The signal generator is only used at this stage. It substitutes the DUT by feeding the calibration antenna with a known power level. The use of this signal generator introduces an uncertainty on the absolute output level.
This uncertainty will be calculated from the manufacturer’s data in logs with a rectangular distribution (see clause 5.1.2 in [26]).
E.25 Signal generator: output level stability
The uncertainty on the output level stability has to be taken into account only when the uncertainty of the absolute level is not considered.
This uncertainty will be calculated from the manufacturer’s data in logs with a rectangular distribution (see clause 5.1.2 in [26]).
E.26 Insertion loss: calibration antenna feed cable
The feed cable of the calibration antenna only appears in Stage 2. As a result, this uncertainty has to be taken into account.
This uncertainty will be measured or calculated from the manufacturer’s data in logs with a rectangular distribution (see clause 5.1.2 in [26]).
E.27 Insertion loss: calibration antenna attenuator (if used)
If a calibration antenna attenuator is used, it only appears in Stage 2. As a result, this uncertainty has to be taken into account.
This uncertainty will be calculated from the manufacturer’s data in logs with a rectangular distribution (see clause 5.1.2 in [26]).
E.28 Chamber Statistical Ripple and Repeatability
The uncertainty due to chamber statistics is determined by repeated calibration measurements as described in Annex G. This uncertainty contribution is a composite value consisting of most of the specific reverberation chamber contributions, such as limited number of modes and mode-stirring techniques.
The uncertainty contribution value shall be determined by measurements as described in Annex G and be assumed to have a normal distribution.
E.29 Additional Power Loss in EUT Chassis
When the EUT is small and do not add noticeable loss to the chamber, the calibration procedure outlined in clause x.x, is performed without the EUT present in the chamber. The possible difference in average chamber transmission level between the EUT measurement and the reference measurement must in this case be considered in the uncertainty evaluation.
The uncertainty value for this contribution can be tested empirically by choosing a unit within a set of samples which is considered to incur the highest amount of loss (normally the largest unit), and measure the average transmission loss in the chamber with and without the test unit present in the chamber. The difference between the two cases shall be used in the uncertainty calculation and the distribution should be assumed to be rectangular.
Alternatively, a fixed value of 0.2 dB with a rectangular distribution can be used in the uncertainty calculations.
Table E.29-1: Example of uncertainty budget for head only TRP measurement for anechoic chamber method
|
Uncertainty Source |
Comment |
Uncertainty Value [dB] |
Prob Distr |
Div |
ci |
Standard Uncertainty [dB] |
|
|
STAGE 1 (DUT measurement) |
|||||||
|
1) Mismatch of receiver chain |
Гpower meter <0.05 Гprobe antenna connection <0.16 |
0.05 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.05 |
|
|
2) Insertion loss of receiver chain |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
3) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
4) Absolute antenna gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
5) Measurement Receiver: uncertainty of the absolute level |
Power Meter |
0.06 |
R |
1 |
0.03 |
||
|
6)Measurement distance a) Offset of DUT phase centre |
Δd=0.05m |
0.14 |
R |
1 |
0.08 |
||
|
7) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of E-field in QZ measurement |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
8) DUT Tx-power drift |
Drift |
0.2 |
R |
1 |
0.12 |
||
|
9) Uncertainty related to the use of SAM phantom |
Standard SAM head with standard tissue simulant |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
10) Coarse sampling grid |
Negligible, used = 15 and= 15. |
0 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0 |
|
|
11) Repeatability |
Monoblock, clamshell, slide design |
0.4 |
R |
1 |
0.23 |
||
|
STAGE 2 (Calibration) |
|||||||
|
13) Uncertainty of network analyzer |
Manufacturer’s uncertainty calculator, covers whole NA setup |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
14) Mismatch of receiver chain |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
||
|
15) Insertion loss of receiver chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
16) Mismatch in the connection of calibration antenna |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
||
|
17) Influence of the feed cable of the calibration antenna |
Gain calibration with a dipole |
0.3 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
18) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
19) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
20) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the calibration antenna |
Calibration certificate |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
21) Measurement distance: Calibration antenna’s displacement and misalignment |
d=3m, Δd=0.05m, θ=2° |
0.29 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
22) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of e-field in QZ measurement, Gain calibration |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
Combined standard uncertainty |
0.89 |
||||||
|
Expanded uncertainty (Confidence interval of 95 %) |
1.75 |
||||||
Table E.29-2: Example of uncertainty budget for TRP head+hand (speech mode) measurement for anechoic chamber method
|
Uncertainty Source |
Comment |
Uncertainty Value [dB] |
Prob Distr |
Div |
ci |
Standard Uncertainty [dB] |
|
|
STAGE 1 (DUT measurement) |
|||||||
|
1) Mismatch of receiver chain |
Гpower meter <0.05 Гprobe antenna connection <0.16 |
0.05 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.05 |
|
|
2) Insertion loss of receiver chain |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
3) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
4) Absolute antenna gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
5) Measurement Receiver: uncertainty of the absolute level |
Power Meter |
0.06 |
R |
1 |
0.03 |
||
|
6) Measurement distance a) Offset of DUT phase centre |
Δd=0.05m |
0.14 |
R |
1 |
0.08 |
||
|
7) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of E-field in QZ measurement |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
8) DUT Tx-power drift |
Drift |
0.2 |
R |
1 |
0.12 |
||
|
9) Uncertainty related to the use of the SAM head and hand phantoms: a) uncertainty from using different types of SAM phantom b) simulated tissue liquid uncertainty c) uncertainty of dielectric properties and shape of the hand phantom |
Standard SAM head with standard tissue simulant
|
0.32 |
R |
1 |
0.19 |
||
|
10) Coarse sampling grid |
Negligible, used = 15 and= 15. |
0 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0 |
|
|
11) Repeatability of speech mode |
Monoblock, clamshell and PDA design used for testing |
1.04 |
R |
1 |
0.6 |
||
|
STAGE 2 (Calibration) |
|||||||
|
12) Uncertainty of network analyzer |
Manufacturer’s uncertainty calculator, covers whole NA setup |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
13) Mismatch of receiver chain |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
||
|
14) Insertion loss of receiver chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
15) Mismatch in the connection of calibration antenna |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
||
|
16) Influence of the feed cable of the calibration antenna |
Gain calibration with a dipole |
0.3 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
17) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
18) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
19) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the calibration antenna |
Calibration certificate |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
20) Measurement distance: Calibration antenna’s displacement and misalignment |
d=3m, Δd=0.05m, θ=2° |
0.29 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
21) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of e-field in QZ measurement, Gain calibration |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
Combined standard uncertainty |
1.07 |
||||||
|
Expanded uncertainty (Confidence interval of 95 %) |
2.10 |
||||||
Table E.29-3: Example of uncertainty budget for TRP hand only (browsing mode) measurement for anechoic chamber method
|
Uncertainty Source |
Comment |
Uncertainty Value [dB] |
Prob Distr |
Div |
ci |
Standard Uncertainty [dB] |
|
|
STAGE 1 (DUT measurement) |
|||||||
|
1) Mismatch of receiver chain |
Гpower meter <0.05 Гprobe antenna connection <0.16 |
0.05 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.05 |
|
|
2) Insertion loss of receiver chain |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
3) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
4) Absolute antenna gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
5) Measurement Receiver: uncertainty of the absolute level |
Power Meter |
0.06 |
R |
1 |
0.03 |
||
|
6) Measurement distance a) Offset of DUT phase centre |
Δd=0.05m |
0.14 |
R |
1 |
0.08 |
||
|
7) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of E-field in QZ measurement |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
8) DUT Tx-power drift |
Drift |
0.2 |
R |
1 |
0.12 |
||
|
9) Uncertainty related to the use of hand phantom: Uncertainty of dielectric properties and shape of the hand phantom. |
|
0.32 |
R |
1 |
0.19 |
||
|
10) Coarse sampling grid |
Negligible, used = 15 and= 15. |
0 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0 |
|
|
11) Repeatability of browsing mode |
Monoblock, clamshell and PDA design used for testing |
0.81 |
R |
1 |
0.22 |
||
|
STAGE 2 (Calibration) |
|||||||
|
12) Uncertainty of network analyzer |
Manufacturer’s uncertainty calculator, covers whole NA setup |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
13) Mismatch of receiver chain |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
||
|
14) Insertion loss of receiver chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
15) Mismatch in the connection of calibration antenna |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
||
|
16) Influence of the feed cable of the calibration antenna |
Gain calibration with a dipole |
0.3 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
17) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
18) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
19) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the calibration antenna |
Calibration certificate |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
20) Measurement distance: Calibration antenna’s displacement and misalignment |
d=3m, Δd=0.05m, θ=2° |
0.29 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
21) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of e-field in QZ measurement, Gain calibration |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
Combined standard uncertainty |
1.0 |
||||||
|
Expanded uncertainty (Confidence interval of 95 %) |
1.96 |
||||||
Table E.29-4: Example of uncertainty budget for TRP measurement with laptop ground plane phantom
|
Uncertainty Source |
Comment |
Uncertainty Value [dB] |
Prob Distr |
Div |
ci |
Standard Uncertainty [dB] |
|
|
STAGE 1 (DUT measurement) |
|||||||
|
1) Mismatch of receiver chain |
Гpower meter <0.05 Гprobe antenna connection <0.16 |
0.05 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.05 |
|
|
2) Insertion loss of receiver chain |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
3) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
4) Absolute antenna gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
5) Measurement Receiver: uncertainty of the absolute level |
Power Meter |
0.06 |
R |
1 |
0.03 |
||
|
6) Measurement distance a) Offset of DUT phase centre |
Δd=0.05m |
0.14 |
R |
1 |
0.08 |
||
|
7) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of E-field in QZ measurement |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
8) DUT Tx-power drift |
Drift |
0.2 |
R |
1 |
0.12 |
||
|
9) Uncertainty related to the use of laptop ground plane phantom: |
Standard laptop phantom |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
10) Coarse sampling grid |
Negligible, used = 15 and= 15. |
0 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0 |
|
|
11) Repeatability |
horizontal USB design, rotary USB porter, and non-rotary USB porter used for testing |
0.4 |
R |
1 |
0.23 |
||
|
STAGE 2 (Calibration) |
|||||||
|
13) Uncertainty of network analyzer |
Manufacturer’s uncertainty calculator, covers whole NA setup |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
14) Mismatch of receiver chain |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
||
|
15) Insertion loss of receiver chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
16) Mismatch in the connection of calibration antenna |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
||
|
17) Influence of the feed cable of the calibration antenna |
Gain calibration with a dipole |
0.3 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
18) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
19) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
20) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the calibration antenna |
Calibration certificate |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
21) Measurement distance: Calibration antenna’s displacement and misalignment |
d=3m, Δd=0.05m, θ=2° |
0.29 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
22) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of e-field in QZ measurement, Gain calibration |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
Combined standard uncertainty |
0.89 |
||||||
|
Expanded uncertainty (Confidence interval of 95 %) |
1.75 |
||||||
Table E.29-5: Example of uncertainty budget for TRS head only measurement for anechoic chamber method
|
Uncertainty Source |
Comment |
Uncertainty Value [dB] |
Prob Distr |
Div |
ci |
Standard Uncertainty [dB] |
|
|
STAGE 1 (DUT measurement) |
|||||||
|
1) Mismatch of transmitter chain |
ГBSS <0.13 Г antenna connection <0.03 |
0.02 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.02 |
|
|
2) Insertion loss of transmitter chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
3) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
4) Absolute antenna gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
5) Base station simulator: uncertainty of the absolute level |
1 |
R |
1 |
0.58 |
|||
|
6) BER measurement: output level step resolution |
Step 0.1dB |
0.05 |
R |
1 |
0.03 |
||
|
7) Statistical uncertainty of the BER measurement |
BER target 10%±2% , 20000 tested bits , N=60 |
0.12 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.12 |
|
|
8) TRS data rate normalization |
4 reference points measured |
0.12 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.12 |
|
|
9) Measurement distance a) Offset of DUT phase centre |
Δd=0.05m |
0.14 |
R |
1 |
0.08 |
||
|
10) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of E-field in QZ measurement |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
11) DUT sensitivity drift |
Drift measurement |
0.2 |
R |
1 |
0.12 |
||
|
12) Uncertainty related to the use of SAM phantom: |
Standard SAM with standard tissue simulant |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
13) Coarse sampling grid |
= 30 and= 30. |
0.15 |
N |
N |
1 |
0.15 |
|
|
14) Repeatability |
Monoblock, clamshell, slide design |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
STAGE 2 (Calibration) |
|||||||
|
16) Uncertainty of network analyzer |
Manufacturer’s uncertainty calculator, covers NA setup |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
17) Mismatch of transmitter chain |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
||
|
18) Insertion loss of transmitter chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
19) Mismatch in the connection of calibration antenna |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
20) Influence of the feed cable of the calibration antenna |
Gain calibration with dipole |
0.3 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
21) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
22) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
23) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the calibration antenna |
Calibration certificate |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
24) Measurement distance: Calibration antenna’s displacement and misalignment |
d=3m, Δd=0.05m, θ=2° |
0.29 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
25) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of E-field in QZ measurement |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
Combined standard uncertainty |
1.1 |
||||||
|
Expanded uncertainty (Confidence interval of 95 %) |
2.16 |
||||||
Table E.29-6: Example of uncertainty budget for TRS head+hand (speech mode) measurement for anechoic chamber method
|
Uncertainty Source |
Comment |
Uncertainty Value [dB] |
Prob Distr |
Div |
ci |
Standard Uncertainty [dB] |
|
|
STAGE 1 (DUT measurement) |
|||||||
|
1) Mismatch of transmitter chain |
ГBSS <0.13 Г antenna connection <0.03 |
0.02 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.02 |
|
|
2) Insertion loss of transmitter chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
3) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
4) Absolute antenna gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
5) Base station simulator: uncertainty of the absolute level |
1 |
R |
1 |
0.58 |
|||
|
6) BER measurement: output level step resolution |
Step 0.1dB |
0.05 |
R |
1 |
0.03 |
||
|
7) Statistical uncertainty of the BER measurement |
BER target 10%±2% , 20000 tested bits , N=60 |
0.12 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.12 |
|
|
8) TRS data rate normalization |
4 reference points measured |
0.12 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.12 |
|
|
9) Measurement distance a) Offset of DUT phase centre |
Δd=0.05m |
0.14 |
R |
1 |
0.08 |
||
|
10) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of E-field in QZ measurement |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
11) DUT sensitivity drift |
Drift measurement |
0.2 |
R |
1 |
0.12 |
||
|
12) Uncertainty related to the use of the SAM head and hand phantoms: a) uncertainty from using different types of SAM phantom b) simulated tissue liquid uncertainty c) uncertainty of dielectric properties and shape of the hand phantom: |
Standard SAM head with standard tissue simulant
|
0.32 |
R |
1 |
0.19 |
||
|
13) Coarse sampling grid |
= 30 and= 30. |
0.15 |
N |
N |
1 |
0.15 |
|
|
14) Repeatability of speech mode |
Monoblock, clamshell and PDA used for testing |
1.4 |
R |
1 |
0.81 |
||
|
STAGE 2 (Calibration) |
|||||||
|
15) Uncertainty of network analyzer |
Manufacturer’s uncertainty calculator, covers NA setup |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
16) Mismatch of transmitter chain |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
||
|
17) Insertion loss of transmitter chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
18) Mismatch in the connection of calibration antenna |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
19) Influence of the feed cable of the calibration antenna |
Gain calibration with dipole |
0.3 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
20) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
21) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
22) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the calibration antenna |
Calibration certificate |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
23)Measurement distance: Calibration antenna’s displacement and misalignment |
d=3m, Δd=0.05m, θ=2° |
0.29 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
24) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of E-field in QZ measurement |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
Combined standard uncertainty |
1.35 |
||||||
|
Expanded uncertainty (Confidence interval of 95 %) |
2.64 |
||||||
Table E.29-7: Example of uncertainty budget for TRS hand only (browsing mode) measurement for anechoic chamber method
|
Uncertainty Source |
Comment |
Uncertainty Value [dB] |
Prob Distr |
Div |
ci |
Standard Uncertainty [dB] |
|
|
STAGE 1 (DUT measurement) |
|||||||
|
1) Mismatch of transmitter chain |
ГBSS <0.13 Г antenna connection <0.03 |
0.02 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.02 |
|
|
2) Insertion loss of transmitter chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
3) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
4) Absolute antenna gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
5) Base station simulator: uncertainty of the absolute level |
1 |
R |
1 |
0.58 |
|||
|
6) BER measurement: output level step resolution |
Step 0.1dB |
0.05 |
R |
1 |
0.03 |
||
|
7) Statistical uncertainty of the BER measurement |
BER target 10%±2% , 20000 tested bits , N=60 |
0.12 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.12 |
|
|
8) TRS data rate normalization |
4 reference points measured |
0.12 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.12 |
|
|
9) Measurement distance a) Offset of DUT phase centre |
Δd=0.05m |
0.14 |
R |
1 |
0.08 |
||
|
10) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of E-field in QZ measurement |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
11) DUT sensitivity drift |
Drift measurement |
0.2 |
R |
1 |
0.12 |
||
|
12) Uncertainty related to the use of hand phantom: Uncertainty of dielectric properties and shape of the hand phantom. |
|
0.32 |
R |
1 |
0.19 |
||
|
13) Coarse sampling grid |
= 30 and= 30. |
0.15 |
N |
N |
1 |
0.15 |
|
|
14) Repeatability of browsing mode |
Monoblock, clamshell and PDA used for testing |
0.91 |
R |
1 |
0.28 |
||
|
STAGE 2 (Calibration) |
|||||||
|
15) Uncertainty of network analyzer |
Manufacturer’s uncertainty calculator, covers NA setup |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
16) Mismatch of transmitter chain |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
||
|
17) Insertion loss of transmitter chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
18) Mismatch in the connection of calibration antenna |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
19) Influence of the feed cable of the calibration antenna |
Gain calibration with dipole |
0.3 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
20) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
21) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
22) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the calibration antenna |
Calibration certificate |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
23)Measurement distance: Calibration antenna’s displacement and misalignment |
d=3m, Δd=0.05m, θ=2° |
0.29 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
24) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of E-field in QZ measurement |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
Combined standard uncertainty |
1.2 |
||||||
|
Expanded uncertainty (Confidence interval of 95 %) |
2.35 |
||||||
Table E.29-8: Example of uncertainty budget for TRS measurement with laptop ground plane phantom
|
Uncertainty Source |
Comment |
Uncertainty Value [dB] |
Prob Distr |
Div |
ci |
Standard Uncertainty [dB] |
|
|
STAGE 1 (DUT measurement) |
|||||||
|
1) Mismatch of transmitter chain |
ГBSS <0.13 Г antenna connection <0.03 |
0.02 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.02 |
|
|
2) Insertion loss of transmitter chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
3) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
4) Absolute antenna gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
5) Base station simulator: uncertainty of the absolute level |
1 |
R |
1 |
0.58 |
|||
|
6) BER measurement: output level step resolution |
Step 0.1dB |
0.05 |
R |
1 |
0.03 |
||
|
7) Statistical uncertainty of the BER measurement |
BER target 10%±2% , 20000 tested bits , N=60 |
0.12 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.12 |
|
|
8) TRS data rate normalization |
4 reference points measured |
0.12 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.12 |
|
|
9) Measurement distance a) Offset of DUT phase centre |
Δd=0.05m |
0.14 |
R |
1 |
0.08 |
||
|
10) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of E-field in QZ measurement |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
11) DUT sensitivity drift |
Drift measurement |
0.2 |
R |
1 |
0.12 |
||
|
9) Uncertainty related to the use of laptop ground plane phantom |
Standard laptop phantom |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
13) Coarse sampling grid |
= 30 and= 30. |
0.15 |
N |
N |
1 |
0.15 |
|
|
14) Repeatability |
horizontal USB design, rotary USB porter, and non-rotary USB porter used for testing |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
STAGE 2 (Calibration) |
|||||||
|
15) Uncertainty of network analyzer |
Manufacturer’s uncertainty calculator, covers NA setup |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
16) Mismatch of transmitter chain |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
||
|
17) Insertion loss of transmitter chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
18) Mismatch in the connection of calibration antenna |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
19) Influence of the feed cable of the calibration antenna |
Gain calibration with dipole |
0.3 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
20) Influence of the probe antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
21) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the probe antenna |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
||
|
22) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the calibration antenna |
Calibration certificate |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
||
|
23) Measurement distance: Calibration antenna’s displacement and misalignment |
d=3m, Δd=0.05m, θ=2° |
0.29 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
||
|
24) Quality of quiet zone |
Standard deviation of E-field in QZ measurement |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
|
Combined standard uncertainty |
1.1 |
||||||
|
Expanded uncertainty (Confidence interval of 95 %) |
2.16 |
||||||
Table E.29-9: Example of uncertainty budget for TRP measurement for reverberation chamber method
|
Uncertainty Source |
Comment |
Uncertainty Value [dB] |
Prob Distr |
Div |
ci |
Standard Uncertainty [dB] |
|
STAGE 1 (DUT measurement) |
||||||
|
1) Mismatch of receiver chain |
Гpower meter <0.05 Гfixed measurement antenna connection <0.16 |
0.05 |
U |
1 |
0.04 |
|
|
2) Insertion loss of receiver chain |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
3) Influence of the fixed measurement antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
4) Absolute antenna gain of the fixed measurement antenna |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
5) Measurement Receiver: uncertainty of the absolute level |
Power Meter |
0.06 |
R |
1 |
0.03 |
|
|
6) Chamber statistical ripple and repeatability |
Statistics of chamber |
0.4 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.4 |
|
7) Additional power loss in EUT chassis |
The EUT not present in the chamber during calibration measurement |
0.1 |
R |
1 |
0.06 |
|
|
8) DUT Tx-power drift |
Drift |
0.2 |
R |
1 |
0.12 |
|
|
9) a) Uncertainty related to the use of SAM phantom: |
Standard SAM head with standard tissue simulant |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
b) Simulated tissue liquid uncertainty |
Maximum allowed error |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
|
|
c) Effect of DUT holder |
Fixed value |
0.2 |
R |
1 |
0.12 |
|
|
10) Repeatability |
Using the same setup and stirring sequence |
0.4 |
R |
1 |
0.23 |
|
|
11) Uncertainty related to the use of Laptop Ground Plane phantom |
Standard Laptop Ground Plane phantom |
[0] |
R |
1 |
[0] |
|
|
STAGE 2 (Calibration) |
||||||
|
12) Uncertainty of network analyzer |
Manufacturer’s uncertainty calculator, covers whole NA setup |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
|
|
13) Mismatch of receiver chain |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
|
|
14) Insertion loss of receiver chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
15) Mismatch in the connection of calibration antenna |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
|
|
16) Influence of the feed cable of the calibration antenna |
Gain calibration with a dipole |
0.3 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
|
|
17) Influence of the fixed measurement antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
18) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the fixed measurement antenna |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
19) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the calibration antenna |
Calibration certificate |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
|
|
20) Chamber statistical ripple and repeatability |
Statistics of chamber |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
Combined standard uncertainty |
0.88 |
|||||
|
Expanded uncertainty (Confidence interval of 95 %) |
1.73 |
|||||
Table E.29-10: Example of uncertainty budget for TRS measurement for reverberation chamber method
|
Uncertainty Source |
Comment |
Uncertainty Value [dB] |
Prob Distr |
Div |
ci |
Standard Uncertainty [dB] |
|
STAGE 1 (DUT measurement) |
||||||
|
1) Mismatch of transmitter chain |
ГBSS <0.13 Г antenna connection <0.03 |
0.02 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.02 |
|
2) Insertion loss of transmitter chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
3) Influence of the fixed measurement antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
4) Absolute antenna gain of the fixed measurement antenna |
Systematic with Stage 2 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
5) Base station simulator: uncertainty of the absolute level |
1 |
R |
1 |
0.58 |
||
|
6) BER measurement: output level step resolution |
Step 0.1dB |
0.05 |
R |
1 |
0.03 |
|
|
7) Statistical uncertainty of the BER measurement |
BER target 10%±2% , 20000 tested bits , N=60 |
0.12 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.12 |
|
8) TRS data rate normalization |
4 reference points measured |
0.12 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.12 |
|
9) Chamber statistical ripple and repeatability |
Statistics of chamber |
0.4 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.4 |
|
10) Additional power loss in EUT chassis |
The EUT not present in the chamber during calibration measurement |
0.1 |
R |
1 |
0.06 |
|
|
11) DUT sensitivity drift |
Drift measurement |
0.2 |
R |
1 |
0.12 |
|
|
12) a) Uncertainty related to the use of SAM phantom: |
Standard SAM with standard tissue simulant |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
b) Simulated tissue liquid uncertainty |
Maximum allowed error |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
|
|
c) Effect of DUT holder |
Fixed value |
0.2 |
R |
1 |
0.12 |
|
|
13) Repeatability |
Using the same setup and stirring sequence |
0.4 |
R |
1 |
0.23 |
|
|
14) Uncertainty related to the use of Laptop Ground Plane phantom |
Standard Laptop Ground Plane phantom |
[0] |
R |
1 |
[0] |
|
|
STAGE 2 (Calibration) |
||||||
|
15) Uncertainty of network analyzer |
Manufacturer’s uncertainty calculator, covers NA setup |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
|
|
16) Mismatch of transmitter chain |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
U |
1 |
0 |
|
|
17) Insertion loss of transmitter chain |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
18) Mismatch in the connection of calibration antenna |
Taken in to account in NA setup uncertainty |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
19) Influence of the feed cable of the calibration antenna |
Gain calibration with dipole |
0.3 |
R |
1 |
0.17 |
|
|
20) Influence of the fixed measurement antenna cable |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
21) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the fixed measurement antenna |
Systematic with Stage 1 (=> cancels) |
0 |
R |
1 |
0 |
|
|
22) Uncertainty of the absolute gain of the calibration antenna |
Calibration certificate |
0.5 |
R |
1 |
0.29 |
|
|
23) Chamber statistical ripple and repeatability |
Statistics of chamber |
0.5 |
N |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
|
Combined standard uncertainty |
1.07 |
|||||
|
Expanded uncertainty (Confidence interval of 95 %) |
2.09 |
|||||
Annex F (informative): Suggested recipes of liquid to be used inside SAM phantom
F.1 General
- The Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) is used for radiated performance measurements. The absorption of electromagnetic energy by the human muscle or brain tissue is simulated by measuring the electrical field inside a SAM phantom filled with a liquid having the same electrical properties as human tissue. Tables F.1-1 and F.1-2 are proposals for two different recipes of the liquid to be used inside the SAM phantom.
- Table F.1-1: Liquid recipe proposal 1
|
Component |
Mass % |
|
De-ionized Water |
57.12 |
|
Tween 20 |
42.30 |
|
NaCl |
0.58 |
- Table F.1-2: Liquid recipe proposal 2
|
Component |
Mass % |
|
De-ionized Water |
54.9 % |
|
Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether (DGBE) (> 99 % pure) |
44.92 % |
|
NaCl |
0.18 % |
Annex G (informative): Anechoic chamber specification and validation method
G.1 Shielded anechoic chamber specifications
To avoid environmental perturbations the measurements shall be performed in a shielded enclosure, preserved from electromagnetic disturbances coming from electromagnetic environment (Radio and TV broadcast, cellular, ISM equipment, etc…). The shielding effectiveness shut be tested according to the EN 50 147-1 standard in the frequency range of 800 MHz up to 4 GHz.
The recommended level of the shielding effectiveness is -100 dB from 800 MHz to 4 GHz.
Testing of the shielding effectiveness can be performed either before or after the installation of absorbers.
G.2 Quiet zone reflectivity level validation
The performance of anechoic chamber is typically evaluated from reflectivity level in the quiet zone. The reflectivity level is defined as power ratio of all summed reflected signals to direct signal from antenna:
.
To evaluate the quiet zone reflectivity level, the contribution of absorbing materials, the antenna positioning system and other constructions in the anechoic chamber should be measured.
To measure accurately quality of the quite zone in anechoic chamber an omni-directional antenna shall be used. Near omni-directional three axes field-probes are available with fibre optic connection thus minimizing cable effects. Because sensitivity of field probe is limited it shall be carefully checked that the field probe is operated at least 6dB above the noise floor of the probe.
NOTE: The quiet zone evaluation should be performed with the antenna positioning system in its place, in order to include its effect on the reflectivity level.
G.2.1 Description of a practical method for Quiet Zone characterization
A practical version of the Free Space VSWR method is presented.
In the Free Space VSWR method the quality of quite zone is measured from amplitude ripple caused by reflections inside the anechoic chamber. Phase variation of the direct signal and the reflected signals is obtained by moving a field-probe in the quiet zone. Amplitude ripple in the quiet zone is caused by this phase variation of reflected signals and the direct signal from antenna. Figure 2 below shows seven measuring positions.
Figure G.2.1-1: Measurement positions with 150mm separation
In each of the seven-measurement position amplitude of power received by field-probe [dBm] is measured where is index of measuring position. Variance of measurement distance to the antenna from field-probe in different measurement positions can be compensated by following equation:
where,
is distance to point from the antenna,
is distance to centre of quiet zone from the antenna
is uncorrected measurement value from point .
The sample standard deviation of the electric field in the quiet zone can be calculated from these distance corrected values or directly from the measured values with the following equation:
where,
is number of measurements positions
is dB average of all
is or
G.3 Standard deviation of electric field
To obtain a more accurate picture of quality of quiet zone, the measurement described in G.2.1 can be done from multiple directions and polarizations. Doing free space VSWR measurement from different directions in 15-degree separation for elevation and azimuth, results in 264 standard deviation values in both polarizations (). From these values average sample standard deviation in electric field in quiet zone can be calculated from equation:
where,
is number of angular intervals in elevation,
is number of angular intervals in azimuth and
is elevation of measurement .
This quiet zone quality measurement should be done at all the frequencies used in measurements. It can also be sufficient on all the centre frequencies in the measurement bands but also in this case the Tx and Rx shall be measured separately.
Annex H (informative): Reverberation chamber specifications and validation method
H.1 Shielded reverberation chamber specifications
- Before measuring the test site characteristics in terms of stirring effectiveness, the shielding effectiveness of the metallic enclosure must be measured.
- To avoid environmental perturbations, the measurements shall be performed in a shielded enclosure, preserved from electromagnetic disturbances coming from electromagnetic environment such as: TV broadcast, radio, cellular, ISM equipment, to name a few. The shielding effectiveness recommended to be tested according to the EN 50 147-1 standard in the frequency range of 800 MHz up to 4 GHz.
- The recommended level of the shielding effectiveness is -100 dB from 800 MHz to 4 GHz.
H.2 Reverberation chamber statistical ripple and repeatability validation
- The reverberation chamber is typically evaluated according to its isotropy level and ability to produce independent samples. The uncertainty due to chamber statistics is determined by repeated calibration measurements as described in Annex B.2.2. This uncertainty contribution is a composite value consisting of most of the specific reverberation chamber contributions, such as limited number of modes, polarization imbalance and mode-stirring techniques.
- The uncertainty contribution value shall be determined by repeated calibration measurements for nine different positions and orientations of the calibration antenna in order to determine the statistical variation as a function of frequency, or at least at the frequencies where the chamber shall be used. This uncertainty contribution value can be assumed to have a normal distribution.
- The uncertainty will depend on chamber size, frequency, stirrer sequence, stirrer types and shapes, polarization stirring (if any), and the degree of chamber loading. All these factors must remain the same for all of the nine calibration measurements. The uncertainty will also depend on frequency stirring bandwidth (if any), but the effects of different amounts of frequency stirring can be studied with the same sets of calibration data as when no frequency stirring is applied.
- The nine net average power transfer functions of all or some of the nine calibration configurations for each loading case shall be averaged to provide a good reference level. Frequency stirring can only be applied to improve the reference level. Therefore, the uncertainty shall be found by computing the average and standard deviation of the net average power transfer function of each of the nine reference (antenna) positions and orientations (without frequency stirring) around the reference level (which can be frequency stirred if it gives better overall accuracy).
- The data obtained during these reference measurements can be used for analysis of the chamber’s systematic and deterministic contribution to S21. Such analysis can help determine possible uncertainty sources in chambers where the “chamber statistics” portion of the uncertainty analysis is too high to fulfil the total uncertainty criterion. The normalized standard deviation is calculated using the following expression:
- where,
- is the standard deviation of the power transfer function over T different calibration antenna positions. is the reference power transfer function for position t of the calibration antenna. The power transfer function for every calibration antenna position is further the average over the power transfer function for each fixed measurement antenna in the chamber defined in Annex B.2.2. Thus,
- where,
- N is the total number of fixed measurement antennas. Moreover,
- is the average power transfer function over the T calibration antenna positions.
Annex I (informative): Recommended performance for Handheld UE
Editor’s notes: This annex is incomplete. The following items are missing or incomplete:
- Table I.2.1.2-1, I.2.2.1-1, I.2.2.2-1, I.2.3.1-1, I.2.3.2-1, I.3.1.2-1, I.3.2.1-1, I.3.2.2-1, I.3.3.1-1 and I.3.3.2-1 as they are not complete in TS 37.144 yet
- Table I.2.2.3-1, I.2.2.4-1, I.2.3.3-1, I.2.3.4-1, I.3.2.3-1, I.3.2.4-1, I.3.3.3-1 and I.3.3.4 as they are not specified in TS 37.144 yet
I.1 General
This annex introduces the concept of recommended OTA performance for operating bands for handheld UE’s. This requirement is not mandatory but is recommended.
The concept of recommended performance is to ensure that UE OTA performance is maximised in order to improve user experience and network performance. It is recognised that the ability to meet the recommended performance depends on the number of frequency bands supported by the UE.
I.2 Total Radiated Power
The OTA TRP performance for UTRA and E-UTRA should be greater or equal than the recommended values in this clause.
I.2.1 Beside the head phantom position
Beside the head phantom test method is defined in subclause 4.3.1.
I.2.1.1 UTRA FDD
Table I.2.1.1-1: Handheld UE TRP recommended performance for UTRA FDD in beside the head phantom position and the primary mechanical mode
|
Operating band |
Power class 1 |
Power class 2 |
Power class 3 |
Power class 3bis |
Power class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
|
|
I |
– |
– |
+18 |
+18 |
+16 |
|
II |
– |
– |
+18 |
+18 |
+16 |
|
III |
– |
– |
+18 |
+18 |
+16 |
|
IV |
– |
– |
+18 |
+18 |
+16 |
|
V |
– |
– |
+14 |
+14 |
+12 |
|
VI |
– |
– |
+14.5 |
+14.5 |
+12.5 |
|
VII |
– |
– |
+18 |
+18 |
+16 |
|
VIII |
– |
– |
+15 |
+15 |
+13 |
|
IX |
– |
– |
+18 |
+18 |
+16 |
|
XIX |
– |
– |
+14.5 |
+14.5 |
+12.5 |
|
NOTE: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UMTS. |
|||||
I.2.1.2 UTRA LCR TDD
Table I.2.1.2-1: Handheld UE TRP recommended performance for UTRA LCR TDD in beside the head phantom position and the primary mechanical mode
|
Operating band |
Power class 1 |
Power class 2 |
Power class 3 |
Power class 3bis |
Power class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
|
|
a |
– |
+18 |
– |
– |
– |
|
b |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
c |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
d |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
e |
– |
+18 |
– |
– |
– |
|
f |
– |
+18 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Note: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UTRA LCR TDD. |
|||||
I.2.2 Beside the head and hand phantoms position
Beside the head and hand phantoms test method is defined in subclauses 4.3.3.
I.2.2.1 UTRA FDD
Table I.2.2.1-1: Handheld UE TRP recommended performance for UTRA FDD beside the head and hand phantoms position and the primary mechanical mode
|
Operating band |
Power class 1 |
Power class 2 |
Power class 3 |
Power class 3bis |
Power class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
Average |
Average |
|||
|
I |
– |
– |
16.25 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
II |
– |
– |
16.25 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
III |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
IV |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
V |
– |
– |
12.40 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VI |
– |
– |
12.40 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VII |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VIII |
– |
– |
12.40 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
IX |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
XIX |
– |
– |
12.40 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UMTS. NOTE 2: Applicable for devices narrower than 72mm as defined in TR 25.914. NOTE 3: Not applicable for devices supporting CDMA or carrier aggregation. |
|||||
I.2.2.2 UTRA LCR TDD
Table I.2.2.2-1: Handheld UE TRP recommended performance for UTRA LCR TDD in beside the head and hand phantoms position and the primary mechanical mode
|
Operating band |
Power class 1 |
Power class 2 |
Power class 3 |
Power class 3bis |
Power class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
|||||
|
a |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
b |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
c |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
d |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
e |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
f |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
Note: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UTRA LCR TDD. |
|||||
I.2.2.3 E-UTRA FDD
Table I.2.2.3-1: TBD
I.2.2.4 E-UTRA TDD
Table I.2.2.4-1: TBD
I.2.3 Hand phantom browsing mode position
Hand phantom browsing mode test method is defined in subclauses 4.3.4.
I.2.3.1 UTRA FDD
Table I.2.3.1-1: Handheld UE TRP recommended performance for UTRA FDD in the hand phantom browsing mode position
|
Operating band |
Power class 1 |
Power class 2 |
Power class 3 |
Power class 3bis |
Power class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
Average |
Average |
|||
|
I |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
II |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
III |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
IV |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
V |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VI |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VII |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VIII |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
IX |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
XIX |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
NOTE: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UMTS. |
|||||
I.2.3.2 UTRA LCR TDD
Table I.2.3.2-1: Handheld UE TRP recommended performance for UTRA LCR TDD in the hand phantom browsing mode position
|
Operating band |
Power class 1 |
Power class 2 |
Power class 3 |
Power class 3bis |
Power class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
|||||
|
a |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
b |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
c |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
d |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
e |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
f |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
Note: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UTRA LCR TDD. |
|||||
I.2.3.3 E-UTRA FDD
Table I.2.3.3-1: Tablet TRP recommended performance for E-UTRA FDD in the data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Power Class 1 |
Power Class 2 |
Power Class 3 |
Power Class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
||||
|
1 |
21.0 |
|||
|
2 |
||||
|
3 |
20.5 |
|||
|
4 |
||||
|
5 |
||||
|
7 |
20.0 |
|||
|
8 |
||||
|
12 |
||||
|
13 |
||||
|
19 |
20.0 |
|||
|
20 |
19.5 |
|||
|
21 |
20.0 |
|||
|
28 |
||||
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for multi-mode GSM/UMTS/LTE. NOTE 2: Applicability for devices supporting CDMA or aggregated carriers (e.g. multi-carrier HSPA, LTE Carrier Aggregation) is FFS. |
||||
I.2.3.4 E-UTRA TDD
Table I.2.3.4-1: TBD
I.3 Total Radiated Sensitivity
The OTA TRS performance for UTRA and E-UTRA should be lower or equal than the recommended values shown in this clause.
I.3.1 Beside the head phantom position
Beside the head phantom test method is defined in subclause 4.3.1.
I.3.1.1 UTRA FDD
Table I.3.1.1-1: Handheld UE TRS recommended performance for FDD in beside the head phantom position for the primary mechanical mode
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> |
|
I |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-104 |
|
II |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-102 |
|
III |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-101 |
|
IV |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-104 |
|
V |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-99.5 |
|
VI |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-101 |
|
VII |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-102 |
|
VIII |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-100 |
|
IX |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-103 |
|
XIX |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-101 |
|
NOTE 1: For the UE which supports DB-DC-HSDPA configuration 2, average <REFÎor> level of -101 dBm/3.84 shall apply for Band II. NOTE 2: For the UE which supports DB-DC-HSDPA configuration 2, average <REFÎor> level of -103 dBm/3.84 MHz shall apply for Band IV. |
||
I.3.1.2 UTRA LCR TDD
Table I.3.1.2-1: Handheld UE TRS recommended performance for UTRA LCR TDD in beside the head phantom position and the primary mechanical mode.
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> Average |
|
a |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
-105 |
|
b |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
c |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
d |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
e |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
-105 |
|
f |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
-105 |
|
NOTE: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UTRA LCR TDD. |
||
I.3.2 Beside the head and hand phantoms position
Beside the head and hand phantoms test method is defined in subclauses 4.3.3.
I.3.2.1 UTRA FDD
Table I.3.2.1-1: TRS recommended performance for UTRA FDD in the beside the head and hand phantoms position for the primary mechanical mode
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> Average |
|
I |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-104.0 |
|
II |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-102.0 |
|
III |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
IV |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
V |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-99.75 |
|
VI |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-99.75 |
|
VII |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
VIII |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-99.75 |
|
IX |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
XIX |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-99.75 |
|
NOTE 1: For the UE which supports DB-DC-HSDPA configuration 2, average <REFÎor> level of -101 dBm/3.84 shall apply for Band II. NOTE 2: For the UE which supports DB-DC-HSDPA configuration 2, average <REFÎor> level of -103 dBm/3.84 MHz shall apply for Band IV. NOTE 3: Applicable for devices narrower than 72mm as defined in TR 25.914 NOTE 4: Not applicable for devices supporting CDMA or carrier aggregation |
||
I.3.2.2 UTRA LCR TDD
Table I.3.2.2-1: TRS recommended performance for UTRA LCR TDD in the beside the head and hand phantoms position and the primary mechanical mode
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> Average |
|
a |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
b |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
c |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
d |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
e |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
f |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
NOTE: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UTRA LCR TDD. |
||
I.3.2.3 E-UTRA FDD
Table I.3.2.3-1: Tablet TRS recommended performance for E-UTRA FDD in data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Channel bandwidth |
Sensitivity (dBm) |
|
Average |
||
|
1 |
10 MHz |
-96.0 |
|
2 |
10 MHz |
|
|
3 |
10 MHz |
-97.0 |
|
4 |
10 MHz |
|
|
5 |
10 MHz |
|
|
7 |
10 MHz |
-95.75 |
|
8 |
10 MHz |
|
|
12 |
10 MHz |
|
|
13 |
10 MHz |
|
|
19 |
10 MHz |
-94.5 |
|
20 |
10 MHz |
-94.5 |
|
21 |
15 MHz |
-93.0 |
|
28 |
10 MHz |
|
|
32 |
10 MHz |
|
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for multi-mode GSM/UMTS/LTE. NOTE 2: Applicability for devices supporting CDMA or aggregated carriers (e.g. multi-carrier HSPA, LTE Carrier Aggregation) is FFS. |
||
I.3.2.4 E-UTRA TDD
Table I.3.2.4-1: TBD
I.3.3 Hand phantom browsing mode position
Hand phantom browsing mode test method is defined in subclauses 4.3.4.
I.3.3.1 UTRA FDD
Table I.3.3.1-1: TRS recommended performance for UTRA FDD in hand phantom browsing mode position
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> Average |
|
I |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
II |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
III |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
IV |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
V |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
VI |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
VII |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
VIII |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
IX |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
XIX |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
NOTE 1: For the UE which supports DB-DC-HSDPA configuration 2, average <REFÎor> level of -101 dBm/3.84 shall apply for Band II. NOTE 2: For the UE which supports DB-DC-HSDPA configuration 2, average <REFÎor> level of -103 dBm/3.84 MHz shall apply for Band IV. |
||
I.3.3.2 UTRA LCR TDD
Table I.3.3.2-1: TRS recommended performance for UTRA LCR TDD in hand phantom browsing mode position
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> Average |
|
a |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
b |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
c |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
d |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
e |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
f |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
NOTE: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UTRA LCR TDD. |
||
I.3.3.3 E-UTRA FDD
Table I.3.3.3-1 TBD
I.3.3.4 E-UTRA TDD
Table I.3.3.4-1 TBD
Annex J (informative): Recommended performance for LME
Editor’s notes: This annex is incomplete. The following items are missing or incomplete:
- Table J.2.1-1, J.2.2-1, J.3.1-1 and J.3.2-1 as they are not complete in TS 37.144 yet
- Table J.2.3-1, J.2.4-1, J.3.3-1 and J.3.4-1 as they are not specified in TS 37.144 yet
J.1 General
This annex introduces the concept of recommended OTA performance for operating bands for UE’s supporting LME feature. This requirement is not mandatory but is recommended.
The concept of recommended performance is to ensure that UE OTA performance is maximised in order to improve user experience and network performance. It is recognised that the ability to meet the recommended performance depends on the number of frequency bands supported by the UE.
J.2 Total Radiated Power
The OTA TRP performance for UTRA and E-UTRA should be greater or equal than the recommended values in this clause.
Laptop ground plane phantom test method is defined in subclauses 4.3.2.
J.2.1 UTRA FDD
Table J.2.1-1: LME TRP recommended performance for UTRA FDD in data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Power class 1 |
Power class 2 |
Power class 3 |
Power class 3bis |
Power class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
|
|
I |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
II |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
III |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
IV |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
V |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VI |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VII |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VIII |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
IX |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
XIX |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UMTS. NOTE 2: Applicable for USB plug-in devices. |
|||||
J.2.2 UTRA LCR TDD
Table J.2.2-1: LME TRP recommended performance for UTRA LCR TDD in data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Power class 1 |
Power class 2 |
Power class 3 |
Power class 3bis |
Power class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
|
|
a |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
b |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
c |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
d |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
e |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
f |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UTRA LCR TDD. NOTE 2: Applicable for USB plug-in devices. |
|||||
J.2.3 E-UTRA FDD
Table J.2.3-1: TBD
J.2.4 E-UTRA TDD
Table J.2.4-1: TBD
J.3 Total Radiated Sensitivity
The OTA TRS performance for UTRA and E-UTRA should be lower or equal than the recommended values shown in this clause.
Laptop ground plane phantom test method is defined in subclauses 4.3.2.
J.3.1 UTRA FDD
Table J.3.1-1: LME TRS recommended performance for UTRA FDD in the data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> Average |
|
I |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
II |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
III |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
IV |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
V |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
VI |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
VII |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
VIII |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
IX |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
XIX |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
NOTE: Applicable for USB plug-in devices. |
||
J.3.2 UTRA LCR TDD
Table J.3.2-1: LME TRS recommended performance for UTRA LCR TDD in the data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> Average |
|
a |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
b |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
c |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
d |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
e |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
f |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UTRA LCR TDD. NOTE 2: Applicable for USB plug-in devices. |
||
J.3.3 E-UTRA FDD
Table J.3.3-1: TBD
J.3.4 E-UTRA TDD
Table J.3.4-1: TBD
Annex K (informative): Recommended performance for LEE
Editor’s notes: This annex is incomplete. The following items are missing or incomplete:
– Table K.2.1-1, K.2.1-2, K.2.2-1, K.2.2-2, K.3.1-1, K.3.1-2, K.3.2-1 and K.3.2-2 as they are not complete in TS 37.144 yet
– Table K.2.3-1, K.2.3-2, K.2.4-1, K.2.4-2, K.3.3-1, K.3.3-2, K.3.4-1 and K.3.4-2 as they are not specified in TS 37.144 yet
K.1 General
This annex introduces the concept of recommended OTA performance for operating bands for UE’s supporting LEE feature. This requirement is not mandatory but is recommended.
The concept of recommended performance is to ensure that UE OTA performance is maximised in order to improve user experience and network performance. It is recognised that the ability to meet the recommended performance depends on the number of frequency bands supported by the UE.
K.2 Total Radiated Power
The OTA TRP performance for UTRA and E-UTRA should be greater or equal than the recommended values in this clause.
Test method for devices with embedded modules is defined in subclauses 4.3.5.
K.2.1 UTRA FDD
Table K.2.1-1: Notebook TRP recommended performance for UTRA FDD in data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Power class 1 |
Power class 2 |
Power class 3 |
Power class 3bis |
Power class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
|
|
I |
– |
– |
21.5 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
II |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
III |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
IV |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
V |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VI |
– |
– |
21.0 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VII |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VIII |
– |
– |
21.0 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
IX |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
XIX |
– |
– |
21.0 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for multi-mode GSM/UMTS/LTE. NOTE 2: Applicable for notebook devices. |
|||||
NOTE: TRP minimum performance requirements in Table K.2.1-1apply to HSPA and LTE UEs supporting only single carrier operation. Their applicability to multi-carrier operation is FFS. This is because it has not been verified whether the UEs measured to derive the requirements supported carrier aggregation or not.
Table K.2.1-2: Tablet TRP recommended performance for UTRA FDD in data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Power class 1 |
Power class 2 |
Power class 3 |
Power class 3bis |
Power class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
|
|
I |
– |
– |
21.5 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
II |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
III |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
IV |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
V |
– |
– |
19.5 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VI |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VII |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
VIII |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
IX |
– |
– |
TBD |
TBD |
TBD |
|
XIX |
– |
– |
19.5 |
TBD |
TBD |
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UMTS. NOTE 2: Applicable for tablet devices with two antennas. |
|||||
K.2.2 UTRA LCR TDD
Table K.2.2-1: Notebook TRP recommended performance for UTRA LCR TDD in data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Power class 1 |
Power class 2 |
Power class 3 |
Power class 3bis |
Power class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
|
|
a |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
b |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
c |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
d |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
e |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
f |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UTRA LCR TDD. NOTE 2: Applicable for notebook devices. |
|||||
Table K.2.2-2: Tablet TRP recommended performance for UTRA LCR TDD in data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Power class 1 |
Power class 2 |
Power class 3 |
Power class 3bis |
Power class 4 |
|
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
Power (dBm) |
|
|
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
|
|
a |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
b |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
c |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
d |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
e |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
f |
– |
TBD |
– |
– |
– |
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UTRA LCR TDD. NOTE 2: Applicable for tablet devices. |
|||||
K.2.3 E-UTRA FDD
[Table K.2.3-1 and K.2.3-2 TBD]
K.2.4 E-UTRA TDD
[Table K.2.4-1 and K.2.4-2 TBD]
K.3 Total Radiated Sensitivity
The OTA TRS performance for UTRA and E-UTRA should be lower or equal than the recommended values shown in this clause.
Test method for devices with embedded modules is defined in subclauses 4.3.5.
K.3.1 UTRA FDD
Table K.3.1-1: Notebook TRS recommended performance for UTRA FDD in the data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> Average |
|
I |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-106.5 |
|
II |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
III |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
IV |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
V |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
VI |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-104.5 |
|
VII |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
VIII |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-104.5 |
|
IX |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
XIX |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-104.5 |
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for multi-mode GSM/UMTS/LTE. NOTE 2: Applicable for notebook devices. |
||
NOTE: TRS minimum performance requirements in Table K.3.1-1 apply to HSPA and LTE UEs supporting only single carrier operation. Their applicability to multi-carrier operation is FFS. This is because it has not been verified whether the UEs measured to derive the requirements supported carrier aggregation or not.
Table K.3.1-2: Tablet TRS recommended performance for UTRA FDD in the data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> Average |
|
I |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-108.75 |
|
II |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
III |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
IV |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
V |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-106.0 |
|
VI |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
VII |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
VIII |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
IX |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
TBD |
|
XIX |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
-106.0 |
|
NOTE: Applicable for tablet devices with two antennas. |
||
K.3.2 UTRA LCR TDD
Table K.3.2-1: Notebook TRS recommended performance for UTRA LCR TDD in the data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> Average |
|
a |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
b |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
c |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
d |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
e |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
f |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UTRA LCR TDD. NOTE 2: Applicable for notebook devices. |
||
Table K.3.2-2: Tablet TRS recommended performance for UTRA LCR TDD in the data transfer position
|
Operating band |
Unit |
<REFÎor> Average |
|
a |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
b |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
c |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
d |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
e |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
f |
dBm/1.28 MHz |
TBD |
|
NOTE 1: Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UTRA LCR TDD. NOTE 2: Applicable for tablet devices. |
||
K.3.3 E-UTRA FDD
[Table K.3.3-1 and K.3.3-2 TBD]
K.3.4 E-UTRA TDD
[Table K.3.4-1 and K.3.4-2 TBD]
Annex L (informative): Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber Specification and Validation Method
L.1 Multi-probe anechoic chamber specifications
The Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber implementation is based on the full SCME implementation described in TR 37.977 [29] clause 6.3.1.1 and would be evaluated for shielding effectiveness in accordance with Annex G.1 and would follow the recommendations in Annex A.3.5.
L.2 Multi-probe anechoic chamber minimum distance between the DUT and the measurement antenna
The multi-probe anechoic chamber minimum distance between the DUT and the measurement antenna would follow the recommendations in Annex A.3.3.
L.3 Multi-probe anechoic chamber quiet zone reflectivity level validation
The multi-probe anechoic chamber quiet zone reflectivity level validation is performed in accordance with Annex G.2 and Annex G.3 and would follow the recommendations in Annex A.3.2 and Annex A.3.4.
L.4 Multi-probe anechoic chamber channel model verification
The multi-probe anechoic chamber channel model verification is performed in accordance with TR 37.977 [29] clause 8.3 for the channel model defined in clause 7.4.1.2 at the downlink centre frequency of the mid-channel defined in TS 36.508 [10] for the operating bands defined in clause 7.4.1.2. The results are expected to meet the recommended limits in TR 37.977 [29] clause 8.3.3.
Annex M (normative): Channel Model emulation of the Base Station antenna pattern configuration for Radiated Performance of Multiple-antenna Receivers