5 LMU radio characteristics
25.1113GPPLocation Measurement Unit (LMU) performance specificationRelease 17TSUser Equipment (UE) positioning in UTRAN
An LMU performs BS receiver functions to obtain reference data for use at a cooperating LMU. The following clause describes the required LMU radio characteristics when performing these functions.
5.1 Frequency bands
a) The LMU is designed to operate in the following bands:
Table 4.1: Frequency bands
Operating Band |
UL Frequencies |
I |
1920 – 1980 MHz |
II |
1850 -1910 MHz |
III |
1710-1785 MHz |
IV |
1710-1755 MHz |
V |
824 – 849MHz |
VI |
830-840 MHz |
VII |
2500 – 2570 MHz |
VIII |
880 – 915 MHz |
IX |
1749.9 – 1784.9 MHz |
X |
1710-1770 MHz |
b) Deployment in other frequency bands is not precluded
5.2 Channel arrangement
The channel arrangement shall be as specified in Section 5.4 of [1].
5.3 Reference sensitivity level
Using the reference measurement channel specification in TS 25.104 Annex A [1], the reference sensitivity level and performance of the LMU shall be as specified in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2: LMU reference sensitivity levels
LMU Class |
Reference measurement channel data rate |
LMU sensitivity level (dBm) |
BER |
Wide Area LMU |
12.2 kbps |
-121 |
BER shall not exceed 0.001 |
Medium Range LMU |
12.2 kbps |
-111 |
BER shall not exceed 0.001 |
5.4 Dynamic range
Receiver dynamic range is the receiver ability to handle a rise of interference in the reception frequency channel. The receiver shall fulfil a specified BER requirement for a specified sensitivity degradation of the wanted signal in the presence of an interfering AWGN signal in the same reception frequency channel.
The BER shall not exceed 0.001 for the parameters specified in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3: Dynamic range
Parameter |
Level Wide Area LMU |
Level Medium Range LMU |
Unit |
Reference measurement channel data rate |
12.2 |
12.2 |
kbps |
Wanted signal mean power |
-91 |
-81 |
dBm |
Interfering AWGN signal |
-73 |
-63 |
dBm/3.84 MHz |
5.5 Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS)
Adjacent channel selectivity (ACS) is a measure of the LMU receiver ability to receive a wanted signal at its assigned channel frequency in the presence of an adjacent channel signal at a given frequency offset from the centre frequency of the assigned channel. ACS is the ratio of the LMU receiver filter attenuation on the assigned channel frequency to the receiver filter attenuation on the adjacent channel(s).
The interference signal is offset from the wanted signal by the frequency offset Fuw. The interference signal shall be a W-CDMA signal as specified in Annex C of TS 25.104 [1].
The BER shall not exceed 0.001 for the parameters specified in Table 4.4.
Table 4.4: LMU Adjacent channel selectivity
Parameter |
Level Wide Area LMU |
Level Medium Range LMU |
Unit |
Data rate |
12.2 |
12.2 |
kbps |
Wanted signal mean power |
-115 |
-105 |
dBm |
Interfering signal mean power |
-52 |
-42 |
dBm |
Fuw offset (Modulated) |
5 |
5 |
MHz |
5.6 Blocking characteristics
The blocking characteristics are a measure of the LMU receiver ability to receive a wanted signal at its assigned channel frequency in the presence of an unwanted interferer on frequencies other than those of the adjacent channels. The performance as specified in Table 4.5-4.10 shall be met with a wanted and an interfering signal coupled to the LMU antenna input using the following parameters for the blocking and narrowband blocking requirements:
Table 4.5: Blocking performance requirement for Wide Area LMU
Operating Band |
Center Frequency of Interfering Signal |
Interfering Signal mean power |
Wanted Signal mean power |
Minimum Offset of Interfering Signal |
Type of Interfering Signal |
I |
1920 – 1980 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1900 – 1920 MHz 1980 – 2000 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz -1900 MHz 2000 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-115 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
II |
1850 – 1910 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1830 – 1850 MHz 1910 – 1930 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz – 1830 MHz 1930 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-115 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
III |
1710 – 1785 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1690 – 1710 MHz 1785 – 1805 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz – 1690 MHz 1805 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-115 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
IV |
1710 – 1755 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1690 – 1710 MHz 1755 – 1775 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz – 1690 MHz 1775 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-115 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
V |
824-849 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
804-824 MHz 849-869 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz – 804 MHz 869 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-115 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
VI |
810 – 830 MHz 840 – 860 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1 MHz – 810 MHz 860 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-115 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
VII |
2500 – 2570 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
2480 – 2500 MHz 2570 – 2590 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz -2480 MHz 2590 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-115 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
VIII |
880 – 915 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
860 – 880 MHz 915 – 925 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz -860 MHz 925 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-115 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
IX |
1749.9 – 1784.9 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1729.9 – 1749.9 MHz 1784.9 – 1804.9 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz – 1729.9 MHz 1804.9 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-115 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
X |
1710 – 1770 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1690 – 1710 MHz 1770 – 1790 MHz |
-40 dBm |
-115 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz – 1690 MHz 1790 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-115 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
NOTE *: The characteristics of the W-CDMA interference signal are specified in Annex C of [1] |
Table 4.6: Blocking performance requirement for the Medium range LMU
Operating Band |
Center Frequency of Interfering Signal |
Interfering Signal mean power |
Wanted Signal mean power |
Minimum Offset of Interfering Signal |
Type of Interfering Signal |
I |
1920 – 1980 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1900 – 1920 MHz 1980 – 2000 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz -1900 MHz 2000 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-105 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
II |
1850 – 1910 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1830 – 1850 MHz 1910 – 1930 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz – 1830 MHz 1930 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-105 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
III |
1710 – 1785 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1690 – 1710 MHz 1785 – 1805 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz – 1690 MHz 1805 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-105 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
IV |
1710 – 1755 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1690 – 1710 MHz 1755 – 1775 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz – 1690 MHz 1775 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-105 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
V |
824-849 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
804-824 MHz 849-869 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz – 804 MHz 869 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-105 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
VI |
810 – 830 MHz 840 – 860 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1 MHz – 810 MHz 860 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-105 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
VII |
2500 – 2570 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
2480 – 2500 MHz 2570 – 2590 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz -2480 MHz 2590 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-105 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
VIII |
880 – 915 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
860 – 880 MHz 915 – 925 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz -860 MHz 925 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-105 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
IX |
1749.9 – 1784.9 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1729.9 – 1749.9 MHz 1784.9 – 1804.9 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz – 1729.9 MHz 1804.9 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-105 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
X |
1710 – 1770 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
1690 – 1710 MHz 1770 – 1790 MHz |
-35 dBm |
-105 dBm |
10 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
1 MHz – 1690 MHz 1790 MHz – 12750 MHz |
-15 dBm |
-105 dBm |
|
CW carrier |
|
NOTE *: The characteristics of the W-CDMA interference signal are specified in Annex C of [1] |
Table 4.7: Blocking performance requirement (narrowband) for the Wide Area LMU
Operating Band |
Center Frequency of Interfering Signal |
Interfering Signal mean power |
Wanted Signal mean power |
Minimum Offset of Interfering Signal |
Type of Interfering Signal |
II |
1850 – 1910 MHz |
– 47 dBm |
-115 dBm |
2.7 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
III |
1710 – 1785 MHz |
– 47 dBm |
-115 dBm |
2.8 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
IV |
1710 – 1755 MHz |
– 47 dBm |
-115 dBm |
2.7 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
V |
824 – 849 MHz |
– 47 dBm |
-115 dBm |
2.7 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
VIII |
880 – 915 MHz |
– 47 dBm |
-115 dBm |
2.8 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
X |
1710 – 1770 MHz |
– 47 dBm |
-115 dBm |
2.7 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
NOTE *: GMSK modulation as defined in TS 45.004 [2]. |
Table 4.8: Narrowband blocking performance requirement for the Medium Range LMU
Operating Band |
Center Frequency of Interfering Signal |
Interfering Signal mean power |
Wanted Signal mean power |
Minimum Offset of Interfering Signal |
Type of Interfering Signal |
II |
1850 – 1910 MHz |
– 42 dBm |
-105 dBm |
2.7 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
III |
1710 – 1785 MHz |
– 42 dBm |
-105 dBm |
2.8 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
IV |
1710 – 1755 MHz |
– 42 dBm |
-105 dBm |
2.7 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
V |
824 – 849 MHz |
– 42 dBm |
-105 dBm |
2.7 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
VIII |
880 – 915 MHz |
– 42 dBm |
-105 dBm |
2.8 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
X |
1710 – 1770 MHz |
– 42 dBm |
-105 dBm |
2.7 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
NOTE *: GMSK modulation as defined in TS 45.004 [2]. |
Additional blocking requirements shall be applied for the protection of the LMU receiver in the presence of GSM900, DCS1800, PCS1900, GSM850, UTRA TDD, and UTRA FDD in bands I to X.
Table 4.9: Additional blocking performance requirement for Wide Area LMU.
Co-located BS type |
Center Frequency of Interfering Signal |
Interfering Signal mean power |
Wanted Signal mean power |
Type of Interfering Signal |
Macro GSM900 |
921 – 960 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
Macro DCS1800 |
1805 – 1880 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
Macro PCS1900 |
1930 – 1990 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
Macro GSM850 |
869 – 894 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
WA UTRA-FDD Band I |
2110 – 2170 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
WA UTRA-FDD Band II |
1930 – 1990 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
WA UTRA-FDD Band III |
1805 – 1880 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
WA UTRA-FDD Band IV |
2110 – 2155 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
WA UTRA-FDD Band V |
869 – 894 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
WA UTRA-FDD Band VI |
875 – 885 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
WA UTRA-FDD Band VII |
2620 – 2690 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
WA UTRA-FDD Band VIII |
925 – 960 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
WA UTRA-FDD Band IX |
1844.9 – 1879.9 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
WA UTRA-FDD Band X |
2110 – 2170 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
Table 4.10: Additional blocking performance requirements for the LMU
Co-located BS type |
Center Frequency of Interfering Signal |
Interfering Signal mean power |
Wanted Signal mean power |
Type of Interfering Signal |
Micro GSM900 |
921 – 960 MHz |
-3 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
Micro DCS1800 |
1805 – 1880 MHz |
+5 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
Micro PCS1900 |
1930 – 1990 MHz |
+5 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
Micro GSM850 |
869 – 894 MHz |
-3 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
MR UTRA-FDD Band I |
2110 – 2170 MHz |
+8 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
MR UTRA-FDD Band II |
1930 – 1990 MHz |
+8 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
MR UTRA-FDD Band III |
1805 – 1880 MHz |
+8 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
MR UTRA-FDD Band IV |
2110 – 2155 MHz |
+8 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
MR UTRA-FDD Band V |
869 – 894 MHz |
+8 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
MR UTRA-FDD Band VI |
875 – 885 MHz |
+8 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
MR UTRA-FDD Band VII |
2620 – 2690 MHz |
+8 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
MR UTRA-FDD Band VIII |
925 – 960 MHz |
+8 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
MR UTRA-FDD Band IX |
1844.9 – 1879.9 MHz |
+8 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
MR UTRA-FDD Band X |
2110 – 2170 MHz |
+8 dBm |
-105 dBm |
CW carrier |
An additional blocking requirement may be applied for the protection of the LMU receivers when UTRA TDD is co-located with an LMU.
The current state-of-the-art technology does not allow a single generic solution for co-location with UTRA-TDD on adjacent frequencies for 30dB BS-BS minimum coupling loss.
However, there are certain site-engineering solutions that can be used in these cases. These techniques are addressed in TR 25.942 [4].
For an LMU, the static reference performance as specified in clause 5.3 should be met with a wanted and an interfering signal coupled to BS antenna input using the parameters in Table 4.11.
Table 4.11: Blocking performance requirement for a Wide Area LMU when co-located with UTRA TDD BS in other bands.
Co-located BS type |
Center Frequency of Interfering Signal |
Interfering Signal mean power |
Wanted Signal mean power |
Type of Interfering Signal |
Wide Area TDD |
2585 – 2620 MHz |
+16 dBm |
-115 dBm |
CW carrier |
5.7 Intermodulation characteristics
Third and higher order mixing of the two interfering RF signals can produce an interfering signal in the band of the desired channel. Intermodulation response rejection is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted signal on its assigned channel frequency in the presence of two or more interfering signals which have a specific frequency relationship to the wanted signal.
The static reference performance as specified in clause 5.3 shall be met for a LMU when the following signals are coupled to LMU antenna input:
– A wanted signal at the assigned channel frequency with a mean power of ‑115 dBm.
– Two interfering signals with the following parameters.
Table 4.12: Intermodulation performance requirement (Wide Area LMU)
Operating band |
Interfering Signal mean power |
Offset |
Type of Interfering Signal |
All bands |
– 48 dBm |
10 MHz |
CW signal |
– 48 dBm |
20 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
Note*: The characteristics of the W-CDMA interference signal are specified in Annex C of [1] |
Table 4.13: Narrowband intermodulation performance requirement (Wide Area LMU)
Operating band |
Interfering Signal mean power |
Offset |
Type of Interfering Signal |
II, III, IV, V, VIII, X |
– 47 dBm |
3.5 MHz |
CW signal |
– 47 dBm |
5.9 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
|
* GMSK as defined in TS45.004 [2] |
The static reference performance as specified in clause 5.3 shall be met for a Medium Range LMU when the following signals are coupled to LMU antenna input:
– A wanted signal at the assigned channel frequency with a mean power of ‑105 dBm.
– Two interfering signals with the following parameters.
Table 4.14: Intermodulation performance requirement (Medium Range LMU)
Operating band |
Interfering Signal mean power |
Offset |
Type of Interfering Signal |
All bands |
– 44 dBm |
10 MHz |
CW signal |
– 44 dBm |
20 MHz |
WCDMA signal * |
|
Note*: The characteristics of the W-CDMA interference signal are specified in Annex C of [1] |
Table 4.15: Narrowband intermodulation performance requirement (Medium Range LMU)
Operating band |
Interfering Signal mean power |
Offset |
Type of Interfering Signal |
II, III, IV, V, VIII, X |
– 43 dBm |
3.5 MHz |
CW signal |
– 43 dBm |
5.9 MHz |
GMSK modulated* |
|
* GMSK as defined in TS45.004 [2] |
5.8 Spurious emissions
The spurious emissions power is the power of emissions generated or amplified in a receiver that appear at the LMU antenna connector.
The power of any spurious emission shall not exceed:
Table 4.16: General LMU spurious emission requirement
Band |
Maximum level |
Measurement Bandwidth |
Note |
30MHz – 1 GHz |
-57 dBm |
100 kHz |
|
1 GHz – 12.75 GHz |
-47 dBm |
1 MHz |
With the exception of frequencies between 12.5 MHz below the first carrier frequency and 12.5 MHz above the last carrier frequency used by the LMU. |
In addition the following requirements shall be applied for the protection of UE, MS, and Node B, BS of the same and other systems, where the power of any spurious emission shall not exceed the limits:
Table 4.17: Additional LMU Spurious emissions limits
Operating Band |
Band |
Maximum level |
Measurement Bandwidth |
Note |
I |
1920 – 1980 MHz |
-78 dBm |
3.84 MHz |
|
II |
1850 – 1910 MHz |
-78 dBm |
3.84 MHz |
|
III |
1710 – 1785 MHz |
-78 dBm |
3.84 MHz |
|
IV |
1710 – 1755 MHz |
-78 dBm |
3.84 MHz |
|
V |
824 – 849 MHz |
-78 dBm |
3.84 MHz |
|
VI |
815 – 850 MHz |
-78 dBm |
3.84 MHz |
|
VII |
2500 – 2570 MHz |
-78 dBm |
3.84 MHz |
|
VIII |
880 – 915 MHz |
-78 dBm |
3.84 MHz |
|
IX |
1749.9 – 1784.9 MHz |
-78 dBm |
3.84 MHz |
|
X |
1710 – 1770 MHz |
-78 dBm |
3.84 MHz |
In addition, the requirement in Table 4.18 may be applied to geographic areas in which both UTRA-TDD and UTRA-FDD are deployed.
Table 4.18: Additional spurious emission requirements for the TDD bands
Operating Band |
Band |
Maximum level |
Measurement Bandwidth |
Note |
I |
1900 – 1920 MHz 2010 – 2025 MHz |
-78 dBm |
3.84 MHz |
Not applicable in Japan |
2010 – 2025 MHz |
-52 dBm |
1MHz |
Applicable in Japan |
|
VI, IX |
2010 – 2025 MHz |
-52 dBm |
1MHz |