6.4 Resource efficiency
22.2613GPPRelease 18Service requirements for the 5G systemTS
6.4.1 Description
5G introduces the opportunity to design a system to be optimized for supporting diverse UEs and services. While support for IoT is provided by EPS, there is room for improvement in efficient resource utilization that can be designed into a 5G system whereas they are not easily retrofitted into an existing system. Some of the underlying principles of the potential service and network operation requirements associated with efficient configuration, deployment, and use of UEs in the 5G network include bulk provisioning, resource efficient access, optimization for UE originated data transfer, and efficiencies based on the reduced needs related to mobility management for stationary UEs and UEs with restricted range of movement.
As sensors and monitoring UEs are deployed more extensively, the need to support UEs that send data packages ranging in size from a small status update in a few bits to streaming video increases. A similar need exists for smart phones with widely varying amounts of data. Specifically, to support short data bursts, the network should be able to operate in a mode where there is no need for a lengthy and high overhead signalling procedure before and after small amounts of data are sent. The system will, as a result, avoid both a negative impact to battery life for the UE and wasting signalling resources.
For small form factor UEs it will be challenging to have more than 1 antenna due to the inability to get good isolation between multiple antennas. Thus, these UEs need to meet the expected performance in a 5G network with only one antenna.
Cloud applications like cloud robotics perform computation in the network rather than in a UE, which requires the system to have high data rate in the uplink and very low round trip latency. Supposed that high density cloud robotics will be deployed in the future, the 5G system need to optimize the resource efficiency for such scenario.
Additional resource efficiencies will contribute to meeting the various KPIs defined for 5G. Control plane resource efficiencies can be achieved by optimizing and minimizing signalling overhead, particularly for small data transmissions. Mechanisms for minimizing user plane resources utilization include in-network caching and application in a Service Hosting Environment closer to the end user. These optimization efforts contribute to achieving lower latency and higher reliability.
Diverse mobility management related resource efficiencies are covered in clause 6.2.
Security related resource efficiencies are covered in clause 8.8.
6.4.2 Requirements
6.4.2.1 General
The 5G system shall minimize control and user plane resource usage for data transfer from send only UEs.
The 5G system shall minimize control and user plane resource usage for stationary UEs (e.g. lower signalling to user data resource usage ratio).
The 5G system shall minimize control and user plane resource usage for transfer of infrequent small data units.
The 5G system shall optimize the resource use of the control plane and/or user plane for transfer of small data units.
The 5G system shall optimize the resource use of the control plane and/or user plane for transfer of continuous uplink data that requires both high data rate (e.g. 10 Mbit/s) and very low end-to-end latency (e.g. 1-10 ms).
The 5G network shall optimize the resource use of the control plane and/or user plane to support high density connections (e.g. 1 million connections per square kilometre) taking into account, for example, the following criteria:
– type of mobility support;
– communication pattern (e.g. send-only, frequent or infrequent);
– characteristics of payload (e.g. small or large size data payload);
– characteristics of application (e.g. provisioning operation, normal data transfer);
– UE location;
– timing pattern of data transfer (e.g. real time or non-delay sensitive).
The 5G system shall efficiently support service discovery mechanisms where UEs can discover, subject to access rights:
– status of other UEs (e.g. sound on/off);
– capabilities of other UEs (e.g. the UE is a relay UE) and/or;
– services provided by other UEs (e.g. the UE is a colour printer).
The 5G system shall be able to minimise the amount of wireless backhaul traffic (e.g. consolidating data transmissions to 1 larger rather than many smaller), when applicable (e.g. providing service in an area subject to power outages).
The 5G system shall support small form factor UEs with single antenna.
NOTE: Small form factor UEs are typically expected to have the diagonal less than 1/5 of the lowest supported frequency wave length.
For a 5G system with satellite access, the following requirements apply:
– The 5G system with satellite access shall support the use of satellite links between the radio access network and core network, by enhancing the 3GPP system to handle the latencies introduced by satellite backhaul.
– A 5G system with satellite access shall be able to support meshed connectivity between satellites interconnected with intersatellite links.
6.4.2.2 Efficient bulk operations for IoT
The 5G network shall optimize the resource use of the control plane and/or user plane to support bulk operation for high connection density (e.g. 1 million connections per square kilometre) of multiple UEs.
The 5G system shall support a timely, efficient, and/or reliable mechanism to transmit the same information to multiple UEs.
6.4.2.3 Efficient management for IoT
The 5G network shall optimize the resource use of the control plane and/or user plane to manage (e.g. provide service parameters, activate, deactivate) a UE.
The 5G network shall be able to provide policies for background data transfer to a UE so that the 5G system can optimally use the control plane and/or user plane resources.
6.4.2.4 Efficient control plane
The 5G system shall minimize the signalling that is required prior to user data transmission.
NOTE: The amount of signalling overhead may vary based on the amount of data to be transmitted, even for the same UE.