3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations

37.145-23GPPActive Antenna System (AAS) Base Station (BS) conformance testingPart 2: radiated conformance testingRelease 17TS

3.1 Definitions

For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905 [1].

AAS BS receiver: composite receiver function of an AAS BS receiving in an operating band

active antenna system base station: base station system which combines an Antenna Array with an Active transceiver unit array and a Radio Distribution Network

band category: group of operating bands for which the same MSR scenarios apply

Base Station RF Bandwidth: bandwidth in which a base station transmits and/or receives single or multiple carrier(s) and/or RATs simultaneously within a supported operating band

NOTE 1: In single carrier operation, the Base Station RF Bandwidth is equal to the channel bandwidth.

Base Station RF Bandwidth edge: frequency of one of the edges of the Base Station RF Bandwidth

beam: main lobe of a radiation pattern from an AAS BS

NOTE 2: For certain AAS antenna array, there may be more than one beam.

beam centre direction: direction equal to the geometric centre of the -3 dB EIRP contour of the beam

beam direction pair: data set consisting of the beam centre direction and the related beam peak direction

beam peak direction: direction where the maximum EIRP is supposed to be found

beamwidth: angles describing the major and minor axes of an ellipsoid closest fit to an essentially elliptic half-power contour of a beam

carrier: modulated waveform conveying the physical channels

carrier aggregation: aggregation of two or more NR or E-UTRA component carriers in order to support wider transmission bandwidths

channel bandwidth: RF bandwidth supporting a single RF carrier with the transmission bandwidth configured in the uplink or downlink of a cell

NOTE 3: The channel bandwidth is measured in MHz and is used as a reference for transmitter and receiver RF requirements.

NOTE 4: For UTRA FDD, the channel bandwidth is the nominal channel spacing specified in TS 25.104 [2], For UTRA TDD 1,28 Mcps, the channel bandwidth is the nominal channel spacing specified in TS 25.105 [3].

NOTE 5: For E-UTRA, the channel bandwidths are specified in TS 36.104 [4].

NOTE 6: In TS 38.104 [33] for NR, channel bandwidths are referred to as BS channel bandwidths, since for NR BS and UE channel bandwidths may differ.

channel edge: lowest or highest frequency of the NR carrier, separated by the BS channel bandwidth

contiguous spectrum: spectrum consisting of a contiguous block of spectrum with no sub-block gap(s)

demodulation branch: single input of the AAS BS receiver to the demodulation algorithms

NOTE 7: For UTRA FDD, non-AAS BS a demodulation branch is referred to as a receive diversity branch or an UL MIMO branch. For E-UTRA non-AAS BS a demodulation branch is referred to as an RX antenna in the performance requirement tables.

NOTE 8: The term "RX antenna" in clause 8 (i.e. Performance requirements) of the E-UTRA specification TS 36.104 [4] does not refer to physical receiver antennas.

co-location reference antenna: a passive antenna used as reference for base station to base station co-location requirements

contiguous spectrum: spectrum consisting of a contiguous block of spectrum with no sub-block gap(s)

downlink operating band: part of the (FDD) operating band designated for downlink

equivalent isotropic radiated power: equivalent power radiated from an isotropic directivity device producing the same field intensity at a point of observation as the field intensity radiated in the direction of the same point of observation by the discussed device

NOTE 9: Isotropic directivity is equal in all directions (0 dBi).

equivalent isotropic sensitivity: sensitivity for an isotropic directivity device equivalent to the sensitivity of the discussed device exposed to an incoming wave from a defined AoA

NOTE 10: The sensitivity is the minimum received power level at which a RAT specific requirement is met.

NOTE 11: Isotropic directivity is equal in all directions (0 dBi).

fractional bandwidth: fractional bandwidth FBW is defined as

highest carrier: the carrier with the highest carrier frequency transmitted/received in a specified frequency band

hybrid AAS BS: AAS BS which has both a conducted RF interface and a radiated RF interface in the far field and conforms to a hybrid requirements set

NOTE 12: For NR operation, a hybrid AAS BS corresponds to NR type 1-H in [34].

hybrid requirements set: complete set of requirements applied to a hybrid AAS BS with both conducted and radiated requirements

inter-band carrier aggregation: carrier aggregation of component carriers in different operating bands

NOTE 13: Carriers aggregated in each band can be contiguous or non-contiguous.

intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation: contiguous carriers aggregated in the same operating band

intra-band non-contiguous carrier aggregation: non-contiguous carriers aggregated in the same operating band

Inter RF Bandwidth gap: frequency gap between two consecutive Base Station RF Bandwidths that are placed within two supported operating bands

maximum carrier TRP: mean power level measured per RIB during the transmitter ON period for a specific carrier in a specified reference condition and corresponding to the declared rated carrier TRP (Prated,c,TRP)

maximum transmitter TRP: mean power level measured per RIB during the transmitter ON period in a specified reference condition and corresponding to the declared rated transmitter TRP (Prated,t,TRP)

minSENS: the lowest declared EIS value for the OSDD’s declared for OTA sensitivity requirement.

minSENS RoAoA: the reference RoAoA associated with the OSDD with the lowest declared EIS value.

MSR operation: operation of AAS BS declared to be MSR in particular operating band(s)

multi-band RIB: operating band specific RIB which is paired with one or more additional operating band specific RIBs where the multiple bands are supported through common active electronic component(s)

non-AAS BS: BS conforming to one of the RF requirement specifications TS 25.104 [2], TS 25.105 [3], TS 36.104 [4] or TS 37.104 [5]

non-contiguous spectrum: spectrum consisting of two or more sub-blocks separated by sub-block gap(s)

operating band: frequency range in which the AAS BS operates (paired or unpaired), that is defined with a specific set of technical requirements

OTA AAS BS: AAS BS which has ≥8 transceiver units for E-UTRA or MSR and ≥4 transceiver units for UTRA per cell and has a radiated RF interface only and conforms to the OTA requirements set.

NOTE 14: For NR operation, an OTA AAS BS corresponds to an NR type 1-O BS in [34].

OTA coverage range: a common range of directions within which TX OTA requirements that are neither specified in the OTA peak directions sets nor as TRP requirement are intended to be met

OTA coverage range: a common range of directions within which TX OTA requirements that are neither specified in the OTA peak directions sets nor as TRP requirement are intended to be met

OTA peak directions set: set(s) of beam peak directions within which certain TX OTA requirements are intended to be met, where all OTA peak directions set(s) are subsets of the OTA coverage range

NOTE 15: The beam peak directions are related to a corresponding contiguous range or discrete list of beam centre directions by the beam direction pairs included in the set.

NOTE 16: OTA peak directions set definition (applicable to multiple directional requirements) is replacing the Rel‑13/14 EIRP accuracy directions set definition (which was applicable to EIRP requirement only).

OTA REFSENS RoAoA: Is the RoAoA determined by the contour defined by the points at which the achieved EIS is 3dB higher than the achieved EIS in the reference direction assuming that for any AoA, the receiver gain is optimized for that AoA.

NOTE 17: This contour will be related to the average element/sub-array radiation pattern 3dB beam width.

OTA requirements set: complete set of OTA requirements applied to an OTA AAS BS.

OTA sensitivity directions declaration: set of manufacturer declarations comprising one or more EIS values (with related RAT and channel bandwidth), and the directions where it (they) applies

NOTE 18: All the directions apply to all the EIS values in an OSDD.

polarization match: condition that exists when a plane wave, incident upon an antenna from a given direction, has a polarization that is the same as the receiving polarization of the antenna in that direction

radiated interface boundary: operating band specific radiated requirements reference where the radiated requirements apply.

NOTE 19: For requirements based on EIRP/EIS, the radiated interface boundary is associated to the far-field region.

Radio Bandwidth: frequency difference between the upper edge of the highest used carrier and the lower edge of the lowest used carrier.

radio distribution network: passive network which distributes radio signals generated by the transceiver unit array to the antenna array, and/or distributes the radio signals collected by the antenna array to the transceiver unit array

NOTE 20: In the case when the active transceiver units are physically integrated with the array elements of the antenna array, the radio distribution network is a one-to-one mapping.

rated beam EIRP: EIRP that is declared as being achieved in the beam peak direction associated with a particular beam direction pair

rated carrier TRP: mean power level declared by the manufacturer per carrier, for BS operating in single carrier, multi-carrier, or carrier aggregation configurations that the manufacturer has declared to be available at the RIB during the transmitter ON period

rated transmitter TRP: mean power level declared by the manufacturer to be available at the RIB during the transmitter ON period

receiver target: angles of arrival in which reception is performed

receiver target redirection range: union of all the sensitivity RoAoA achievable through redirecting the receiver target related to the OSDD

receiver target reference direction: direction inside the receiver target redirection range declared by the manufacturer for conformance testing.

NOTE 21 For an OSDD without receiver target redirection range, this is a direction inside the sensitivity RoAoA.

reference beam direction: declared beam direction pair, including reference beam centre direction and reference beam peak direction where the reference beam peak direction is the direction for the intended maximum EIRP within the EIRP accuracy compliance directions set

reference beam direction pair: declared beam direction pair, including reference beam centre direction and reference beam peak direction where the reference beam peak direction is the direction for the intended maximum EIRP within the OTA peak directions set

reference RoAoA: the sensitivity RoAoA associated with the receiver target reference direction for each OSDD.

sensitivity RoAoA: RoAoA within which the declared EIS(s) of an OSDD is intended to be achieved at any instance of time for a specific AAS BS direction setting

single-band RIB: operating band specific RIB without any common active electronic component(s) shared with other operating bands

single RAT E-UTRA operation: operation of AAS BS declared to be single RAT E-UTRA in the operating band

NOTE 22: Single RAT E-UTRA operation does not cover in-band NB-IoT, nor guardband NB-IoT operation.

single RAT UTRA operation: operation of AAS BS declared to be single RAT UTRA in the operating band

sTTI: A transmission time interval (TTI) of either one slot or one subslot as defined in TS 36.211 [38] on either uplink or downlink.

sub-block: one contiguous allocated block of spectrum for use by the same Base Station

NOTE 23 There may be multiple instances of sub-blocks within a Base Station RF Bandwidth.

sub-block gap: frequency gap between two consecutive sub-blocks within an Base Station RF Bandwidth, where the RF requirements in the gap are based on co-existence for un-coordinated operation

Synchronized operation: Operation of TDD in two different systems, where no simultaneous uplink and downlink occur.

TAB connector: transceiver array boundary connector

throughput: number of payload bits successfully received per second for a reference measurement channel in a specified reference condition

total radiated power: is the total power radiated by the antenna.

NOTE 24: The total radiated power is the power radiating in all direction for two orthogonal polarizations.

NOTE 25: total radiated power is defined in both the near-field region and the far-field region.

total RF bandwidth: maximum sum of Base Station RF Bandwidths in all supported operating bands

transceiver array boundary: conducted interface between the transceiver unit array and the composite antenna

transmission bandwidth: bandwidth of an instantaneous E-UTRA transmission from a UE or BS, measured in Resource Block units

Unsynchronized operation: Operation of TDD in two different systems, where the conditions for synchronized operation are not met.

uplink operating band: part of the (FDD) operating band designated for uplink

3.2 Symbols

For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:

 Percentage of the mean transmitted power emitted outside the occupied bandwidth on the assigned channel

BeWθ The Beam width in θ

BeWϕ The Beam width in ϕ

BeWθ,REFSENS The beamwidth equivalent to the OTA REFSENS RoAoA in the θ-axis in degrees.

BeWφ,REFSENS The beamwidth equivalent to the OTA REFSENS RoAoA in the φ-axis in degrees.

BWChannel Channel bandwidth (for E-UTRA or NR)

BWChannel_CA Aggregated channel bandwidth, expressed in MHz. BWChannel_CA= Fedge_high– Fedge_low.

BWConfig Transmission bandwidth configuration (for E-UTRA), expressed in MHz, where BWConfig = NRB x 180 kHz in the uplink and BWConfig = 15 kHz + NRB x 180 kHz in the downlink.

BWtot Total RF bandwidth

DwPTS Downlink part of the special subframe (for E-UTRA TDD) operation

Eb Average energy per information bit (for UTRA)

f Frequency

Δf Separation between the Base Station RF bandwidth edge frequency and the nominal -3dB point of the measuring filter closest to the carrier frequency

Δfmax The largest value of Δf used for defining the requirement

ΔfOBUE Maximum offset of the operating band unwanted emissions mask from the downlink operating band edge

ΔfOOB Maximum offset of the out-of-band boundary from the uplink operating band edge

ΔminSENS Difference between conducted reference sensitivity and EISminsens

ΔOTAREFSENS Difference between conducted reference sensitivity and OTA REFSENS

Δsample The difference between the nominal and extreme power measurements dueing extreme EIRP testing, Pmax,sample,nom – Pmax,sample,ex

EISminsens The EIS declared for the minSENS RoAoA

FC Carrier centre frequency

Ffilter Filter centre frequency

f_offset Separation between the Base Station RF bandwidth edge frequency and the centre of the measuring filter

f_offsetmax The maximum value of f_offset used for defining the requirement

FBW RF,high Upper RF bandwidth edge, where FBW RF,high = FC,high + Foffset, RAT

FBW RF,low Lower RF bandwidth edge, where FBW RF,low = FC,low – Foffset, RAT

FC RF reference frequency on the channel raster

FC,high Centre frequency of the highest transmitted/received carrier.

FC,low Centre frequency of the lowest transmitted/received carrier.

FDL_low The lowest frequency of the downlink operating band

FDL_high The highest frequency of the downlink operating band

Fedge_low The lower edge of aggregated channel bandwidth, expressed in MHz. Fedge_low = FC_low – Foffset, RAT.

Fedge_high The upper edge of aggregated channel bandwidth, expressed in MHz. Fedge_high = FC_high + Foffset, RAT.

Foffset, RAT Frequency offset from the centre frequency of the highest transmitted/received carrier to the upper RF bandwidth edge, sub-block edge or inter-RF bandwidth edge, or from the centre frequency of the lowest transmitted/received carrier to the lower RF bandwidth edge, sub-block edge or inter-RF bandwidth edge for a specific RAT.

FFBWhigh Highest supported frequency within supported operating band, for which fractional bandwidth support was declared

FFBWlow Lowest supported frequency within supported operating band, for which fractional bandwidth support was declared

FUL_low The lowest frequency of the uplink operating band

FUL_high The highest frequency of the uplink operating band

Fuw Frequency offset of unwanted signal

Ncells The declared number corresponding to the minimum number of cells that can be transmitted by an AAS BS in a particular band with transmission on all transceiver units supporting the operating band

N0 Total one-sided noise power spectral density due to all noise sources (for UTRA)

NRXU,active The number of active receiver units. The same as the number of demodulation branches to which compliance is declared for chapter 8 performance requirements

NRB Transmission bandwidth configuration, expressed in units of resource blocks (for E-UTRA)

Pmax,c,EIRP The maximum carrier EIRP when the AAS BS is configured at the rated carrier TRP (Prated,c,TRP)

Pmax,c,EIRP, extreme The maximum carrier EIRP when the AAS BS is configured at the rated carrier TRP (Prated,c,TRP) under extreme conditions, either measured directly or calculated.

Pmax,c,TRP The maximum carrier TRP per cell

Pmax,sample,nom The measured sample power in extreme conditionals chamber when the AAS BS is configured at the rated carrier TRP (Prated,c,TRP), under nominal conditions.

Pmax,sample,ext The measured sample power in extreme conditionals chamber when the AAS BS is configured at the rated carrier TRP (Prated,c,TRP), under extreme conditions.Pmax,t,TRP, the maximum total output power per cell

Prated,c,EIRP The rated carrier EIRP when the AAS BS is configured at the rated carrier TRP (Prated,c,TRP)

Prated,c,FBWhigh The rated carrier EIRP for the higher supported frequency range within supported operating band, for which fractional bandwidth support was declared

Prated,c,FBWlow The rated carrier EIRP for the lower supported frequency range within supported operating band, for which fractional bandwidth support was declared

Prated,c,TRP The rated carrier TRP

Prated,t,TRP Rated transmitter TRP declared per RIB

Wgap Sub-block gap size or Inter RF Bandwidth gap size

θ The angle in the reference coordinate system between the projection of the x/y plane and the radiation vector defined between -90° and 90°. 0° represents the direction perpendicular to the y/z plane. The angle is aligned with the down-tilt angle.

φ The angle in the reference coordinate system between the x-axis and the projection of the radiation vector onto the x/y plane defined between -180° and 180°.

PREFSENS Conducted reference Sensitivity power level

TRPEstimate Numerically approximated TRP

Figure 3.2-1: Illustration of RF bandwidth related symbols and definitions for Multi-standard Radio

Figure 3.2-2: Illustration of RF bandwidth related symbols and definitions
for non-contiguous Multi-standard Radio

Figure 3.2-3: Illustration of maximum radio bandwidth and Total RF bandwidth
for Multi-band Multi-standard Radio

3.3 Abbreviations

For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in TR 21.905 [1].

AAS BS Active Antenna System Base Station

ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio

ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity

AoA Angle of Arrival

BC Band Category

BER Bit Error Rate

BLER Block Error Rate

CA Carrier Aggregation

CACLR Cumulative ACLR

CLTA Co-Location Test Antenna

DTT Digital Terrestrial Television

DUT Device Under Test

DIP Dominant Interferer Proportion

EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power

EIS Equivalent Isotropic Sensitivity

FBW Fractional Bandwidth

FDD Frequency Division Duplex

FRC Fixed Reference Channel

ICS In-Channel Selectivity

ITU International Telecommunication Union

ITU‑R Radio communication Sector of the ITU

MB-MSR Multi-Band Multi-Standard Radio

MBT Multi-Band Testing

MC Multi-Carrier in a Single RAT

NR New Radio

OBW Occupied Band Width

OBUE Operating Band Unwanted Emission

OSDD OTA Sensitivity Directions Declaration

OTA Over The Air

RAT Radio Access Technology

RB Resource Block (for E-UTRA)

RDN Radio Distribution Network

REFSENS Reference Sensitivity

RIB Radiated Interface Boundary

RF Radio Frequency

RoAoA Range of Angles of Arrival

SBT Single Band Testing

SC Single-Carrier

sPDSCH shortened Physical Downlink Shared Channel

TAB Transceiver Array Boundary

TAE Time Alignment Error

TDD Time Division Duplex

TRP Total Radiated Power

TT Test Tolerance

UE User Equipment