3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
37.145-23GPPActive Antenna System (AAS) Base Station (BS) conformance testingPart 2: radiated conformance testingRelease 17TS
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905 [1].
AAS BS receiver: composite receiver function of an AAS BS receiving in an operating band
active antenna system base station: base station system which combines an Antenna Array with an Active transceiver unit array and a Radio Distribution Network
band category: group of operating bands for which the same MSR scenarios apply
Base Station RF Bandwidth: bandwidth in which a base station transmits and/or receives single or multiple carrier(s) and/or RATs simultaneously within a supported operating band
NOTE 1: In single carrier operation, the Base Station RF Bandwidth is equal to the channel bandwidth.
Base Station RF Bandwidth edge: frequency of one of the edges of the Base Station RF Bandwidth
beam: main lobe of a radiation pattern from an AAS BS
NOTE 2: For certain AAS antenna array, there may be more than one beam.
beam centre direction: direction equal to the geometric centre of the -3 dB EIRP contour of the beam
beam direction pair: data set consisting of the beam centre direction and the related beam peak direction
beam peak direction: direction where the maximum EIRP is supposed to be found
beamwidth: angles describing the major and minor axes of an ellipsoid closest fit to an essentially elliptic half-power contour of a beam
carrier: modulated waveform conveying the physical channels
carrier aggregation: aggregation of two or more NR or E-UTRA component carriers in order to support wider transmission bandwidths
channel bandwidth: RF bandwidth supporting a single RF carrier with the transmission bandwidth configured in the uplink or downlink of a cell
NOTE 3: The channel bandwidth is measured in MHz and is used as a reference for transmitter and receiver RF requirements.
NOTE 4: For UTRA FDD, the channel bandwidth is the nominal channel spacing specified in TS 25.104 [2], For UTRA TDD 1,28 Mcps, the channel bandwidth is the nominal channel spacing specified in TS 25.105 [3].
NOTE 5: For E-UTRA, the channel bandwidths are specified in TS 36.104 [4].
NOTE 6: In TS 38.104 [33] for NR, channel bandwidths are referred to as BS channel bandwidths, since for NR BS and UE channel bandwidths may differ.
channel edge: lowest or highest frequency of the NR carrier, separated by the BS channel bandwidth
contiguous spectrum: spectrum consisting of a contiguous block of spectrum with no sub-block gap(s)
demodulation branch: single input of the AAS BS receiver to the demodulation algorithms
NOTE 7: For UTRA FDD, non-AAS BS a demodulation branch is referred to as a receive diversity branch or an UL MIMO branch. For E-UTRA non-AAS BS a demodulation branch is referred to as an RX antenna in the performance requirement tables.
NOTE 8: The term "RX antenna" in clause 8 (i.e. Performance requirements) of the E-UTRA specification TS 36.104 [4] does not refer to physical receiver antennas.
co-location reference antenna: a passive antenna used as reference for base station to base station co-location requirements
contiguous spectrum: spectrum consisting of a contiguous block of spectrum with no sub-block gap(s)
downlink operating band: part of the (FDD) operating band designated for downlink
equivalent isotropic radiated power: equivalent power radiated from an isotropic directivity device producing the same field intensity at a point of observation as the field intensity radiated in the direction of the same point of observation by the discussed device
NOTE 9: Isotropic directivity is equal in all directions (0 dBi).
equivalent isotropic sensitivity: sensitivity for an isotropic directivity device equivalent to the sensitivity of the discussed device exposed to an incoming wave from a defined AoA
NOTE 10: The sensitivity is the minimum received power level at which a RAT specific requirement is met.
NOTE 11: Isotropic directivity is equal in all directions (0 dBi).
fractional bandwidth: fractional bandwidth FBW is defined as
highest carrier: the carrier with the highest carrier frequency transmitted/received in a specified frequency band
hybrid AAS BS: AAS BS which has both a conducted RF interface and a radiated RF interface in the far field and conforms to a hybrid requirements set
NOTE 12: For NR operation, a hybrid AAS BS corresponds to NR type 1-H in [34].
hybrid requirements set: complete set of requirements applied to a hybrid AAS BS with both conducted and radiated requirements
inter-band carrier aggregation: carrier aggregation of component carriers in different operating bands
NOTE 13: Carriers aggregated in each band can be contiguous or non-contiguous.
intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation: contiguous carriers aggregated in the same operating band
intra-band non-contiguous carrier aggregation: non-contiguous carriers aggregated in the same operating band
Inter RF Bandwidth gap: frequency gap between two consecutive Base Station RF Bandwidths that are placed within two supported operating bands
maximum carrier TRP: mean power level measured per RIB during the transmitter ON period for a specific carrier in a specified reference condition and corresponding to the declared rated carrier TRP (Prated,c,TRP)
maximum transmitter TRP: mean power level measured per RIB during the transmitter ON period in a specified reference condition and corresponding to the declared rated transmitter TRP (Prated,t,TRP)
minSENS: the lowest declared EIS value for the OSDD’s declared for OTA sensitivity requirement.
minSENS RoAoA: the reference RoAoA associated with the OSDD with the lowest declared EIS value.
MSR operation: operation of AAS BS declared to be MSR in particular operating band(s)
multi-band RIB: operating band specific RIB which is paired with one or more additional operating band specific RIBs where the multiple bands are supported through common active electronic component(s)
non-AAS BS: BS conforming to one of the RF requirement specifications TS 25.104 [2], TS 25.105 [3], TS 36.104 [4] or TS 37.104 [5]
non-contiguous spectrum: spectrum consisting of two or more sub-blocks separated by sub-block gap(s)
operating band: frequency range in which the AAS BS operates (paired or unpaired), that is defined with a specific set of technical requirements
OTA AAS BS: AAS BS which has ≥8 transceiver units for E-UTRA or MSR and ≥4 transceiver units for UTRA per cell and has a radiated RF interface only and conforms to the OTA requirements set.
NOTE 14: For NR operation, an OTA AAS BS corresponds to an NR type 1-O BS in [34].
OTA coverage range: a common range of directions within which TX OTA requirements that are neither specified in the OTA peak directions sets nor as TRP requirement are intended to be met
OTA coverage range: a common range of directions within which TX OTA requirements that are neither specified in the OTA peak directions sets nor as TRP requirement are intended to be met
OTA peak directions set: set(s) of beam peak directions within which certain TX OTA requirements are intended to be met, where all OTA peak directions set(s) are subsets of the OTA coverage range
NOTE 15: The beam peak directions are related to a corresponding contiguous range or discrete list of beam centre directions by the beam direction pairs included in the set.
NOTE 16: OTA peak directions set definition (applicable to multiple directional requirements) is replacing the Rel‑13/14 EIRP accuracy directions set definition (which was applicable to EIRP requirement only).
OTA REFSENS RoAoA: Is the RoAoA determined by the contour defined by the points at which the achieved EIS is 3dB higher than the achieved EIS in the reference direction assuming that for any AoA, the receiver gain is optimized for that AoA.
NOTE 17: This contour will be related to the average element/sub-array radiation pattern 3dB beam width.
OTA requirements set: complete set of OTA requirements applied to an OTA AAS BS.
OTA sensitivity directions declaration: set of manufacturer declarations comprising one or more EIS values (with related RAT and channel bandwidth), and the directions where it (they) applies
NOTE 18: All the directions apply to all the EIS values in an OSDD.
polarization match: condition that exists when a plane wave, incident upon an antenna from a given direction, has a polarization that is the same as the receiving polarization of the antenna in that direction
radiated interface boundary: operating band specific radiated requirements reference where the radiated requirements apply.
NOTE 19: For requirements based on EIRP/EIS, the radiated interface boundary is associated to the far-field region.
Radio Bandwidth: frequency difference between the upper edge of the highest used carrier and the lower edge of the lowest used carrier.
radio distribution network: passive network which distributes radio signals generated by the transceiver unit array to the antenna array, and/or distributes the radio signals collected by the antenna array to the transceiver unit array
NOTE 20: In the case when the active transceiver units are physically integrated with the array elements of the antenna array, the radio distribution network is a one-to-one mapping.
rated beam EIRP: EIRP that is declared as being achieved in the beam peak direction associated with a particular beam direction pair
rated carrier TRP: mean power level declared by the manufacturer per carrier, for BS operating in single carrier, multi-carrier, or carrier aggregation configurations that the manufacturer has declared to be available at the RIB during the transmitter ON period
rated transmitter TRP: mean power level declared by the manufacturer to be available at the RIB during the transmitter ON period
receiver target: angles of arrival in which reception is performed
receiver target redirection range: union of all the sensitivity RoAoA achievable through redirecting the receiver target related to the OSDD
receiver target reference direction: direction inside the receiver target redirection range declared by the manufacturer for conformance testing.
NOTE 21 For an OSDD without receiver target redirection range, this is a direction inside the sensitivity RoAoA.
reference beam direction: declared beam direction pair, including reference beam centre direction and reference beam peak direction where the reference beam peak direction is the direction for the intended maximum EIRP within the EIRP accuracy compliance directions set
reference beam direction pair: declared beam direction pair, including reference beam centre direction and reference beam peak direction where the reference beam peak direction is the direction for the intended maximum EIRP within the OTA peak directions set
reference RoAoA: the sensitivity RoAoA associated with the receiver target reference direction for each OSDD.
sensitivity RoAoA: RoAoA within which the declared EIS(s) of an OSDD is intended to be achieved at any instance of time for a specific AAS BS direction setting
single-band RIB: operating band specific RIB without any common active electronic component(s) shared with other operating bands
single RAT E-UTRA operation: operation of AAS BS declared to be single RAT E-UTRA in the operating band
NOTE 22: Single RAT E-UTRA operation does not cover in-band NB-IoT, nor guardband NB-IoT operation.
single RAT UTRA operation: operation of AAS BS declared to be single RAT UTRA in the operating band
sTTI: A transmission time interval (TTI) of either one slot or one subslot as defined in TS 36.211 [38] on either uplink or downlink.
sub-block: one contiguous allocated block of spectrum for use by the same Base Station
NOTE 23 There may be multiple instances of sub-blocks within a Base Station RF Bandwidth.
sub-block gap: frequency gap between two consecutive sub-blocks within an Base Station RF Bandwidth, where the RF requirements in the gap are based on co-existence for un-coordinated operation
Synchronized operation: Operation of TDD in two different systems, where no simultaneous uplink and downlink occur.
TAB connector: transceiver array boundary connector
throughput: number of payload bits successfully received per second for a reference measurement channel in a specified reference condition
total radiated power: is the total power radiated by the antenna.
NOTE 24: The total radiated power is the power radiating in all direction for two orthogonal polarizations.
NOTE 25: total radiated power is defined in both the near-field region and the far-field region.
total RF bandwidth: maximum sum of Base Station RF Bandwidths in all supported operating bands
transceiver array boundary: conducted interface between the transceiver unit array and the composite antenna
transmission bandwidth: bandwidth of an instantaneous E-UTRA transmission from a UE or BS, measured in Resource Block units
Unsynchronized operation: Operation of TDD in two different systems, where the conditions for synchronized operation are not met.
uplink operating band: part of the (FDD) operating band designated for uplink
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
Percentage of the mean transmitted power emitted outside the occupied bandwidth on the assigned channel
BeWθ The Beam width in θ
BeWϕ The Beam width in ϕ
BeWθ,REFSENS The beamwidth equivalent to the OTA REFSENS RoAoA in the θ-axis in degrees.
BeWφ,REFSENS The beamwidth equivalent to the OTA REFSENS RoAoA in the φ-axis in degrees.
BWChannel Channel bandwidth (for E-UTRA or NR)
BWChannel_CA Aggregated channel bandwidth, expressed in MHz. BWChannel_CA= Fedge_high– Fedge_low.
BWConfig Transmission bandwidth configuration (for E-UTRA), expressed in MHz, where BWConfig = NRB x 180 kHz in the uplink and BWConfig = 15 kHz + NRB x 180 kHz in the downlink.
BWtot Total RF bandwidth
DwPTS Downlink part of the special subframe (for E-UTRA TDD) operation
Eb Average energy per information bit (for UTRA)
f Frequency
Δf Separation between the Base Station RF bandwidth edge frequency and the nominal -3dB point of the measuring filter closest to the carrier frequency
Δfmax The largest value of Δf used for defining the requirement
ΔfOBUE Maximum offset of the operating band unwanted emissions mask from the downlink operating band edge
ΔfOOB Maximum offset of the out-of-band boundary from the uplink operating band edge
ΔminSENS Difference between conducted reference sensitivity and EISminsens
ΔOTAREFSENS Difference between conducted reference sensitivity and OTA REFSENS
Δsample The difference between the nominal and extreme power measurements dueing extreme EIRP testing, Pmax,sample,nom – Pmax,sample,ex
EISminsens The EIS declared for the minSENS RoAoA
FC Carrier centre frequency
Ffilter Filter centre frequency
f_offset Separation between the Base Station RF bandwidth edge frequency and the centre of the measuring filter
f_offsetmax The maximum value of f_offset used for defining the requirement
FBW RF,high Upper RF bandwidth edge, where FBW RF,high = FC,high + Foffset, RAT
FBW RF,low Lower RF bandwidth edge, where FBW RF,low = FC,low – Foffset, RAT
FC RF reference frequency on the channel raster
FC,high Centre frequency of the highest transmitted/received carrier.
FC,low Centre frequency of the lowest transmitted/received carrier.
FDL_low The lowest frequency of the downlink operating band
FDL_high The highest frequency of the downlink operating band
Fedge_low The lower edge of aggregated channel bandwidth, expressed in MHz. Fedge_low = FC_low – Foffset, RAT.
Fedge_high The upper edge of aggregated channel bandwidth, expressed in MHz. Fedge_high = FC_high + Foffset, RAT.
Foffset, RAT Frequency offset from the centre frequency of the highest transmitted/received carrier to the upper RF bandwidth edge, sub-block edge or inter-RF bandwidth edge, or from the centre frequency of the lowest transmitted/received carrier to the lower RF bandwidth edge, sub-block edge or inter-RF bandwidth edge for a specific RAT.
FFBWhigh Highest supported frequency within supported operating band, for which fractional bandwidth support was declared
FFBWlow Lowest supported frequency within supported operating band, for which fractional bandwidth support was declared
FUL_low The lowest frequency of the uplink operating band
FUL_high The highest frequency of the uplink operating band
Fuw Frequency offset of unwanted signal
Ncells The declared number corresponding to the minimum number of cells that can be transmitted by an AAS BS in a particular band with transmission on all transceiver units supporting the operating band
N0 Total one-sided noise power spectral density due to all noise sources (for UTRA)
NRXU,active The number of active receiver units. The same as the number of demodulation branches to which compliance is declared for chapter 8 performance requirements
NRB Transmission bandwidth configuration, expressed in units of resource blocks (for E-UTRA)
Pmax,c,EIRP The maximum carrier EIRP when the AAS BS is configured at the rated carrier TRP (Prated,c,TRP)
Pmax,c,EIRP, extreme The maximum carrier EIRP when the AAS BS is configured at the rated carrier TRP (Prated,c,TRP) under extreme conditions, either measured directly or calculated.
Pmax,c,TRP The maximum carrier TRP per cell
Pmax,sample,nom The measured sample power in extreme conditionals chamber when the AAS BS is configured at the rated carrier TRP (Prated,c,TRP), under nominal conditions.
Pmax,sample,ext The measured sample power in extreme conditionals chamber when the AAS BS is configured at the rated carrier TRP (Prated,c,TRP), under extreme conditions.Pmax,t,TRP, the maximum total output power per cell
Prated,c,EIRP The rated carrier EIRP when the AAS BS is configured at the rated carrier TRP (Prated,c,TRP)
Prated,c,FBWhigh The rated carrier EIRP for the higher supported frequency range within supported operating band, for which fractional bandwidth support was declared
Prated,c,FBWlow The rated carrier EIRP for the lower supported frequency range within supported operating band, for which fractional bandwidth support was declared
Prated,c,TRP The rated carrier TRP
Prated,t,TRP Rated transmitter TRP declared per RIB
Wgap Sub-block gap size or Inter RF Bandwidth gap size
θ The angle in the reference coordinate system between the projection of the x/y plane and the radiation vector defined between -90° and 90°. 0° represents the direction perpendicular to the y/z plane. The angle is aligned with the down-tilt angle.
φ The angle in the reference coordinate system between the x-axis and the projection of the radiation vector onto the x/y plane defined between -180° and 180°.
PREFSENS Conducted reference Sensitivity power level
TRPEstimate Numerically approximated TRP
Figure 3.2-1: Illustration of RF bandwidth related symbols and definitions for Multi-standard Radio
Figure 3.2-2: Illustration of RF bandwidth related symbols and definitions
for non-contiguous Multi-standard Radio
Figure 3.2-3: Illustration of maximum radio bandwidth and Total RF bandwidth
for Multi-band Multi-standard Radio
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in TR 21.905 [1].
AAS BS Active Antenna System Base Station
ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio
ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity
AoA Angle of Arrival
BC Band Category
BER Bit Error Rate
BLER Block Error Rate
CA Carrier Aggregation
CACLR Cumulative ACLR
CLTA Co-Location Test Antenna
DTT Digital Terrestrial Television
DUT Device Under Test
DIP Dominant Interferer Proportion
EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power
EIS Equivalent Isotropic Sensitivity
FBW Fractional Bandwidth
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FRC Fixed Reference Channel
ICS In-Channel Selectivity
ITU International Telecommunication Union
ITU‑R Radio communication Sector of the ITU
MB-MSR Multi-Band Multi-Standard Radio
MBT Multi-Band Testing
MC Multi-Carrier in a Single RAT
NR New Radio
OBW Occupied Band Width
OBUE Operating Band Unwanted Emission
OSDD OTA Sensitivity Directions Declaration
OTA Over The Air
RAT Radio Access Technology
RB Resource Block (for E-UTRA)
RDN Radio Distribution Network
REFSENS Reference Sensitivity
RIB Radiated Interface Boundary
RF Radio Frequency
RoAoA Range of Angles of Arrival
SBT Single Band Testing
SC Single-Carrier
sPDSCH shortened Physical Downlink Shared Channel
TAB Transceiver Array Boundary
TAE Time Alignment Error
TDD Time Division Duplex
TRP Total Radiated Power
TT Test Tolerance
UE User Equipment