3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations

37.1053GPPActive Antenna System (AAS) Base Station (BS) transmission and receptionRelease 17TS

3.1 Definitions

For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1].

NOTE: Multi-word definitions are treated as linguistic expressions and printed in italic font throughout this requirement specification. Linguistic expressions may not be split and are to be printed in their entirety.

AAS BS receiver: composite receiver function of an AAS BS receiving in an uplink operating band

active antenna system base station: base station system which combines an antenna array with a transceiver unit array and a radio distribution network

active transmitter unit: transmitter unit which is ON, and has the ability to send modulated data streams that are parallel and distinct to those sent from other transmitter units to one or more TAB connectors at the transceiver array boundary

band category: group of operating bands for which the same MSR scenarios apply

Base Station RF Bandwidth: bandwidth in which a base station transmits and/or receives single or multiple carrier(s) and/or RATs simultaneously within a supported operating band

NOTE: In single carrier operation, the Base Station RF Bandwidth is equal to the channel bandwidth.

Base Station RF Bandwidth edge: frequency of one of the edges of the Base Station RF Bandwidth

basic limit: emissions limit taken from the non-AAS BS specifications that is converted into a per TAB connector TX min cell group AAS BS emissions limit, or into a per TAB connector RX min cell group AAS BS emissions limit by scaling, depending on the context

beam: main lobe of a radiation pattern from an AAS BS

NOTE: For certain AAS BS antenna array, there may be more than one beam.

beam centre direction: direction equal to the geometric centre of the half-power EIRP contour of the beam

beam direction pair: data set consisting of the beam centre direction and the related beam peak direction

beam peak direction: direction where the maximum EIRP is supposed to be found

beamwidth: angles describing the major and minor axes of an ellipsoid closest fit to an essentially elliptic half-power EIRP contour of the beam

carrier: modulated waveform conveying the E-UTRA or UTRA physical channels

carrier aggregation: aggregation of two or more NR or E-UTRA component carriers in order to support wider transmission bandwidths

channel bandwidth: RF bandwidth supporting a single RF carrier with the transmission bandwidth configured in the uplink or downlink of a cell

NOTE 1: The channel bandwidth is measured in MHz and is used as a reference for transmitter and receiver RF requirements.

NOTE 2: For UTRA FDD, the channel bandwidth is the nominal channel spacing specified in 3GPP TS 25.104 [2], For UTRA TDD 1,28 Mcps, the channel bandwidth is the nominal channel spacing specified in 3GPP TS 25.105 [3].

NOTE 3: For E-UTRA, the channel bandwidths are specified in 3GPP TS 36.104 [4]. Standalone NB-IoT channel bandwidths specified in 3GPP TS 36.104 [4] are not applicable to AAS BS.

NOTE 4: In TS 38.104 [28] for NR, channel bandwidths are referred to as BS channel bandwidths, since for NR BS and UE channel bandwidths may differ.

code domain power: part of the mean power which correlates with a particular (OVSF) code channel in a UTRA signal

NOTE: The sum of all powers in the code domain equals the mean power in a bandwidth of (1+) times the chip rate of the radio access mode.

co-location reference antenna: a passive antenna used as reference for base station to base station co-location requirements.

demodulation branch: single input of the AAS BS receiver to the demodulation algorithms.

NOTE 1: For UTRA non-AAS BS a demodulation branch is referred to as a receive diversity branch or an UL MIMO branch. For E-UTRA non-AAS BS a demodulation branch is referred to as an RX antenna in the performance requirement tables.

NOTE 2: The term "RX antenna" in chapter 8 (i.e. Performance requirements) of the E-UTRA specification 3GPP TS 36.104 [4] does not refer to physical receiver antennas.

downlink operating band: part of the (FDD) operating band designated for downlink transmission

enhanced performance requirements type A: This defines performance requirements assuming baseline receiver as demodulation reference signal based linear minimum mean square error interference rejection combining

enhanced performance requirements type B: This defines performance requirements assuming baseline receiver as code word level interference cancellation for intra-cell inter-user interference plus demodulation reference signal based linear minimum mean square error interference rejection combining for inter-cell interference

equivalent isotropic radiated power: equivalent power radiated from an isotropic directivity device producing the same field intensity at a point of observation as the field intensity radiated in the direction of the same point of observation by the discussed device

NOTE: Isotropic directivity is equal in all directions (i.e. 0 dBi).

equivalent isotropic sensitivity: sensitivity for an isotropic directivity device equivalent to the sensitivity of the discussed device exposed to an incoming wave from a defined AoA

NOTE 1: The sensitivity is the minimum received power level at which a RAT specific requirement is met.

NOTE 2: Isotropic directivity is equal in all directions (i.e. 0 dBi).

hybrid AAS BS: AAS BS which has both a conducted RF interface and a radiated RF interface in the far field and conforms to a hybrid requirements set

hybrid requirements set: complete set of requirements applied to a hybrid AAS BS with both conducted and radiated requirements

inter-band gap: frequency gap between two supported consecutive operating bands

Inter RF Bandwidth gap: frequency gap between two consecutive Base Station RF Bandwidths that are placed within two supported operating bands

maximum carrier output power per TAB connector: mean power level measured on a particular carrier at the TAB connector(s), during the transmitter ON period in a specified reference condition

maximum throughput: maximum achievable throughput for a reference measurement channel

minSENS RoAoA: the reference RoAoA associated with the OSDD with the lowest declared EIS value.

MSR operation: operation of AAS BS declared to be MSR in particular operating band(s) (including any of UTRA, E-UTRA and/or NR operation as SR or multi-RAT based on 37.104)

multi-band requirements: requirements applying per one single operating band with exclusion bands or other multi-band provisions as defined for each requirement

multi-band RIB: operating band specific RIB associated with a transmitter or receiver that is characterized by the ability to process two or more carriers in common active RF components simultaneously, where at least one carrier is configured at a different operating band than the other carrier(s) and where this different operating band is not a sub-band or superseding-band of another supported operating band in which the same RAT is operated.

multi-band TAB connector: TAB connector associated with a transmitter or receiver that is characterized by the ability to process two or more carriers in common active RF components simultaneously, where at least one carrier is configured at a different operating band than the other carrier(s) and where this different operating band is not a sub-band or superseding-band of another supported operating band in which the same RAT is operated.

non-AAS BS: BS conforming to one of the specifications in 3GPP TS 25.104 [2], 3GPP TS 25.105 [3], 3GPP TS 36.104 [4] or 3GPP TS 37.104 [5]

NOTE: For AAS BS in single RAT E-UTRA operation or in MSR operation using E-UTRA, the NB-IoT operation (including in-band, guard band and standalone operation) is excluded from the consideration in the performance comparison among AAS BS and non-AAS BS in this specification.

non-contiguous spectrum: spectrum consisting of two or more sub-blocks separated by sub-block gap(s)

OTA AAS BS: AAS BS which has ≥8 transceiver units for E-UTRA or MSR and ≥4 transceiver units for UTRA per cell and has a radiated RF interface only and conforms to the OTA requirements set.

OTA coverage range: a common range of directions within which TX OTA requirements that are neither specified in the OTA peak directions sets nor as TRP requirement are intended to be met

OTA peak directions set: set(s) of beam peak directions within which certain TX OTA requirements are intended to be met, where all OTA peak directions set(s) are subsets of the OTA coverage range

NOTE 1: The beam peak directions are related to a corresponding contiguous range or discrete list of beam centre directions by the beam direction pairs included in the set.

NOTE 2: OTA peak directions set definition (applicabile to multiple directional requirements) is replacing the Rel‑13/14 EIRP accuracy directions set definition (which was applicable to EIRP requirement only).

OTA REFSENS RoAoA: Is the RoAoA determined by the contour defined by the points at which the achieved EIS is 3dB higher than the achieved EIS in the reference direction assuming that for any AoA, the receiver gain is optimized for that AoA.

NOTE: This contour will be related to the average element/sub-array radiation pattern 3dB beam width.

OTA requirements set: complete set of OTA requirements applied to an OTA AAS BS.

OTA sensitivity directions declaration: set of manufacturer declarations comprising at least one set of declared minimum EIS values (with related RAT and channel bandwidth), and related directions over which the EIS applies

NOTE: All the directions apply to all the EIS values in an OSDD.

output power at a TAB connector: mean power delivered to a load with resistance equal to the nominal load impedance of the TAB connector

polarization match: condition that exists when a plane wave, incident upon an antenna from a given direction, has a polarization that is the same as the receiving polarization of the antenna in that direction

radiated interface boundary: operating band specific radiated requirements reference where the radiated requirements apply.

NOTE: For requirements based on EIRP/EIS, the radiated interface boundary is associated to the far-field region.

Radio Bandwidth: frequency difference between the upper edge of the highest used carrier and the lower edge of the lowest used carrier

radio distribution network: linear passive network which distributes the RF power generated by the transceiver unit array to the antenna array, and/or distributes the radio signals collected by the antenna array to the transceiver unit array

NOTE: In the case when the active transceiver units are physically integrated with the array elements of the antenna array, the radio distribution network is a one-to-one mapping.

rated beam EIRP: EIRP that is declared as being achieved in the beam peak direction associated with a particular beam direction pair

rated carrier output power per TAB connector: mean power level associated with a particular carrier the manufacturer has declared to be available at the TAB connector, during the transmitter ON period in a specified reference condition

rated total output power per TAB connector: mean power level associated with a particular operating band the manufacturer has declared to be available at the TAB connector, during the transmitter ON period in a specified reference condition

receive period: time during which the AAS BS is receiving data sub-frames (or UpPTS in case of E-UTRA frame Type2) on a (TDD) carrier

receiver target: AoA in which reception is performed by AAS BS

receiver target redirection range: union of all the sensitivity RoAoA achievable through redirecting the receiver target related to particular OSDD

receiver target reference direction: direction inside the OTA sensitivity directions declaration declared by the manufacturer for conformance testing. For an OSDD without receiver target redirection range, this is a direction inside the sensitivity RoAoA

reference beam direction pair: declared beam direction pair, including reference beam centre direction and reference beam peak direction where the reference beam peak direction is the direction for the intended maximum EIRP within the OTA peak directions set

reference RoAoA: the sensitivity RoAoA associated with the receiver target reference direction for each OSDD.

sensitivity RoAoA: RoAoA within the OTA sensitivity directions declaration, within which the declared EIS(s) of an OSDD is intended to be achieved at any instance of time for a specific AAS BS direction setting

single band requirements: requirements applying per one single operating band without exclusion bands or other multi-band provisions

single band RIB: operating band specific RIB supporting operation either in a single operating band only, or in multiple operating bands but does not meet the conditions for a multi-band connector.

single band TAB connector: TAB connector supporting operation either in a single operating band only, or in multiple operating bands but does not meet the conditions for a multi-band RIB.

single direction requirement: AAS BS requirement which is applied in a specific direction within the OTA coverage range for the Tx and when the AoA of the incident wave of a received signal is within the OTA REFSENS RoAoA or the minSENS RoAoA as appropriate for the receiver.

single RAT E-UTRA operation: operation of AAS BS declared to be single RAT E-UTRA in the operating band

NOTE: Single RAT E-UTRA operation does not cover in-band NB-IoT, nor guardband NB-IoT operation.

single RAT UTRA operation: operation of AAS BS declared to be single RAT UTRA in the operating band

sTTI: A transmission time interval (TTI) of either one slot or one subslot as defined in TS 36.211 [31] on either uplink or downlink.

sub-block: one contiguous allocated block of spectrum for use by the same Base Station

NOTE: There may be multiple instances of sub-blocks within a Base Station RF Bandwidth.

sub-block gap: frequency gap between two consecutive sub-blocks within a Base Station RF Bandwidth, where the RF requirements in the gap are based on co-existence for un-coordinated operation

Synchronized operation: Operation of TDD in two different systems, where no simultaneous uplink and downlink occur.

TAB connector: transceiver array boundary connector

TAB connector RX min cell group: operating band specific declared group of TAB connectors to which RX requirements are applied.

NOTE: Within this definition, the group corresponds to the group of TAB connectors which are responsible for receiving a cell when the AAS BS setting corresponding to the declared minimum number of cells with transmission on all TAB connectors supporting an operating band, but its existence is not limited to that condition.

TAB connector TX min cell group: operating band specific declared group of TAB connectors to which TX requirements are applied.

NOTE: Within this definition, the group corresponds to the group of TAB connectors which are responsible for transmitting a cell when the AAS BS setting corresponding to the declared minimum number of cells with transmission on all TAB connectors supporting an operating band, but its existence is not limited to that condition.

throughput: number of payload bits successfully received per second for a reference measurement channel in a specified reference condition

total radiated power: is the total power radiated by the antenna.

NOTE 1: The total radiated power is the power radiating in all direction for two orthogonal polarizations.

NOTE 2: total radiated power is defined in both the near-field region and the far-field region.

transceiver array boundary: conducted interface between the transceiver unit array and the composite antenna

transmission bandwidth: RF bandwidth of an instantaneous E-UTRA transmission from a UE or BS, measured in resource Block units

transmitter OFF period: time period during which the transmitter is scheduled not to transmit

NOTE: For AAS BS, this definition applies per TAB connector and operating band.

transmitter ON period: time period during which the transmitter is transmitting data and/or reference symbols

NOTE: For AAS BS, this definition applies per TAB connector and operating band.

transmitter transient period: time period during which the transmitter unit belonging to the transceiver unit array is changing from the OFF period to the ON period or vice versa

NOTE: For AAS BS, this definition applies per TAB connector and operating band.

Unsynchronized operation: Operation of TDD in two different systems, where the conditions for synchronized operation are not met.

uplink operating band: part of the (FDD) operating band designated for uplink transmission

3.2 Symbols

For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:

BeWθ,REFSENS The beamwidth equivalent to the OTA REFSENS RoAoA in the θ-axis in degrees.

BeWφ,REFSENS The beamwidth equivalent to the OTA REFSENS RoAoA in the φ-axis in degrees.

ΔfOBUE Maximum offset of the operating band unwanted emissions mask from the downlink operating band edge

ΔfOOB Maximum offset of the out-of-band boundary from the uplink operating band edge

ΔminSENS Difference between conducted reference sensitivity and EISminsens

ΔOTAREFSENS Difference between conducted reference sensitivity and OTA REFSENS

EISminsens The EIS declared for the minSENS RoAoA

FDL_low The lowest frequency of the downlink operating band

FDL_high The highest frequency of the downlink operating band

Ncells The declared number corresponding to the minimum number of cells that can be transmitted by an AAS BS in a particular band with transmission on all TAB connectors supporting the operating band.

NRXU,active The number of active receiver units. The same as the number of demodulation branches to which compliance is declared for chapter 8 performance requirements.

NRXU,counted The number of active receiver units that are taken into account for unwanted emission scaling, as calculated in subclause 7.1.

NRXU,countedpercell The number of active receiver units that are taken into account for unwanted emissions scaling per cell, as calculated in subclause 7.6. The number is defined in subclause 7.1.

NTXU, active The number of active transmitter units.

NTXU,counted The number of active transmitter units, as calculated in subclause 6.1, that are taken into account for conducted TX power limit in subclause 6.2, and for unwanted emissions scaling.

NTXU,countedpercell The number of active transmitter units that are taken into account for emissions scaling per cell, as calculated in subclause 6.6. The number is defined in subclause 6.1.

Pmax,c,cell The maximum carrier output power per TAB connector TX min cell group

Pmax,c,TABC The maximum carrier output power per TAB connector

Pmax,c,TRP The maximum carrier output power per cell

Pmax,t,TRP The maximum total output power per cell

PRated,c,TABC The rated carrier output power per TAB connector

Prated,c,TRP The rated carrier TRP

PRated,c,sys The sum of PRated,c,TABC for all TAB connectors for a single carrier

PRated,t,group The sum of PRated,t,TABC for all TAB connectors belonging to a specified group

PRated,t,TABC The rated total output power per TAB connector

Prated,t,TRP Rated transmitter TRP declared per RIB

PREFSENS Conducted reference Sensitivity power level

3.3 Abbreviations

For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1].

AAS BS Active Antenna System Base Station

ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio

ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity

AoA Angle of Arrival

BC Band Category

BER Bit Error Rate

BLER Block Error Rate

CACLR Cumulative ACLR

CW Continuous Wave (unmodulated signal)

D-CPICH Demodulation Common Pilot Channel

DIP Dominant Interferer Proportion

EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power

EIS Equivalent Isotropic Sensitivity

FCC Federal Communications Commission

FDD Frequency Division Duplex

FRC Fixed Reference Channel

HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

HS-DSCH High Speed Downlink Shared Channel

ITU International Telecommunication Union

ITU‑R Radio communication Sector of the ITU

MIMO Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs

MSR Multi-Standard Radio

NB-IoT Narrowband – Internet of Things

OBUE Operating Band Unwanted Emission

OSDD OTA Sensitivity Directions Declaration

OTA Over The Air

OVSF Orthogonal variable spreading factor

PCCPCH Primary Common Control Physical CHannel

RAT Radio Access Technology

RB Resource Block (for E-UTRA)

RDN Radio Distribution Network

RE Resource Element

RF Radio Frequency

RIB Radiated Interface Boundary

RoAoA Range of Angles of Arrival

sPDCCH shortened Physical Downlink Control Channel

sPDSCH shortened Physical Downlink Shared Channel

TAB Transceiver Array Boundary

TDD Time Division Duplex

TRP Total Radiated Power

TTI Transmission Time Interval