9 Radiated transmitter characteristics

36.1083GPPEvolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)Release 18Satellite Access Node radio transmission and receptionTS

Tools: ARFCN - Frequency Conversion for 5G NR/LTE/UMTS/GSM

9.1 General

Radiated transmitter characteristics requirements apply on the SAN type 1-H or SAN type 1-O including all its functional components active and for all foreseen modes of operation of the SAN unless otherwise stated.

9.2 Radiated transmit power

9.2.1 General

SAN type 1-H and SAN type 1-O are declared to support one or more beams, as per manufacturer’s declarations specified in TS 36.181 [3]. Radiated transmit power is defined as the EIRP level for a declared beam at a specific beam peak direction.

For each beam, the requirement is based on declaration of a beam identity, reference beam direction pair, beamwidth, rated beam EIRP, OTA peak directions set, the beam direction pairs at the maximum steering directions and their associated rated beam EIRP and beamwidth(s).

For a declared beam and beam direction pair, the rated beam EIRP level is the maximum power that the SAN is declared to radiate at the associated beam peak direction during the transmitter ON period.

For each beam peak direction associated with a beam direction pair within the OTA peak directions set, a specific rated beam EIRP level may be claimed. Any claimed value shall be met within the accuracy requirement as described below. Rated beam EIRP is only required to be declared for the beam direction pairs subject to conformance testing as detailed in TS 36.181 [3].

NOTE 1: OTA peak directions set is set of beam peak directions for which the EIRP accuracy requirement is intended to be met. The beam peak directions are related to a corresponding contiguous range or discrete list of beam centre directions by the beam direction pairs included in the set.

NOTE 2: A beam direction pair is data set consisting of the beam centre direction and the related beam peak direction.

NOTE 3: A declared EIRP value is a value provided by the manufacturer for verification according to the conformance specification declaration requirements, whereas a claimed EIRP value is provided by the manufacturer to the equipment user for normal operation of the equipment and is not subject to formal conformance testing.

9.2.2 Minimum requirement for SAN type 1-H and SAN type 1-O

For each declared beam, in normal conditions, for any specific beam peak direction associated with a beam direction pair within the OTA peak directions set, a manufacturer claimed EIRP level in the corresponding beam peak direction shall be achievable to within ±2.2 dB of the claimed value.

Normal conditions are defined in TS 36.181, annex B [3].

In certain regions, the minimum requirement for normal conditions may apply also for some conditions outside the range of conditions defined as normal.

9.3 OTA Satellite Access Node output power

9.3.1 General

OTA SAN output power is declared as the TRP radiated requirement, with the output power accuracy requirement defined at the RIB. TRP does not change with beamforming settings as long as the beam peak direction is within the OTA peak directions set. Thus the TRP accuracy requirement must be met for any beamforming setting for which the beam peak direction is within the OTA peak directions set.

The SAN rated carrier TRP output power for SAN type 1-O shall be based on manufacturer declaration.

Despite the general requirements for the SAN output power described in clause 9.3.2, additional regional requirements might be applicable.

9.3.2 Minimum requirement for SAN type 1-O

In normal conditions, the SAN type 1-O maximum carrier TRP output power, P_max,c,_TRP measured at the RIB shall remain within ±2 dB of the rated carrier TRP output power P_rated,c,TRP, as declared by the manufacturer.

Normal conditions are defined in TS 36.181 [3].

9.4 OTA output power dynamics

9.4.1 General

Transmit signal quality (as specified in clause 9.6) shall be maintained for the output power dynamics requirements.

The OTA output power requirements are directional requirements and apply to the beam peak directions over the OTA peak directions set.

9.4.2 OTA RE power control dynamic range

9.4.2.1 General

The OTA RE power control dynamic range is the difference between the power of an RE and the average RE power for a SAN at maximum output power (P_max,c,EIRP) for a specified reference condition.

This requirement shall apply at each RIB supporting transmission in the operating band.

9.4.2.2 Minimum requirement for SAN type 1-O

The OTA RE power control dynamic range is specified the same as the conducted RE power control dynamic range requirement for SAN type 1-H in table 6.3.2.2-1.

9.4.3 OTA total power dynamic range

9.4.3.1 General

The OTA total power dynamic range is the difference between the maximum and the minimum transmit power of an OFDM symbol for a specified reference condition.

This requirement shall apply at each RIB supporting transmission in the operating band.

NOTE 1: The upper limit of the dynamic range is the OFDM symbol power for a BS at maximum output power. The lower limit of the dynamic range is the OFDM symbol power for a BS when one resource block is transmitted.

9.4.3.2 Minimum requirement for SAN type 1-O

OTA total power dynamic range minimum requirement for SAN type 1-O is specified such as for each E-UTRA carrier it shall be larger than or equal to the levels specified for the conducted requirement for SAN type 1-H in table 6.3.3.2-1.

9.5 OTA transmit ON/OFF power

The requirement is not applicable in this version of the specification.

9.6 OTA transmitted signal quality

9.6.1 OTA frequency error

9.6.1.1 General

OTA frequency error is the measure of the difference between the actual SAN transmit frequency and the assigned frequency. The same source shall be used for RF frequency and data clock generation.

OTA frequency error requirement is defined as a directional requirement at the RIB and shall be met within the OTA coverage range.

9.6.1.2 Minimum requirement for SAN type 1-O

The modulated carrier frequency of each carrier configured by the SAN shall be accurate to within 0.05 ppm observed over 1 ms.

9.6.2 OTA modulation quality

9.6.2.1 General

Modulation quality is defined by the difference between the measured carrier signal and an ideal signal. Modulation quality can e.g. be expressed as Error Vector Magnitude (EVM). Details about how the EVM is determined are specified in annex B.

OTA modulation quality requirement is defined as a directional requirement at the RIB and shall be met within the OTA coverage range.

9.6.2.2 Minimum requirement for SAN type 1-O

For SAN type 1-O, the EVM levels of each carrier for different modulation schemes on PDSCH outlined in table 6.5.2.2-1 shall be met. Requirements shall be the same as clause 6.5.2.2.

9.6.3 OTA time alignment error

The requirement is not applicable in this version of the specification.

9.6.4 DL RS power

For E-UTRA, DL RS power is the resource element power of the Downlink Reference Symbol.

The absolute DL RS power is indicated on the DL-SCH. The OTA absolute accuracy is defined as the maximum deviation between the DL RS power indicated on the DL-SCH and the DL RS power of each E-UTRA carrier within the OTA coverage range.

For NB-IoT, DL NRS power is the resource element power of the Downlink Narrow-band Reference Signal.

The absolute DL NRS power is indicated on the DL-SCH. The OTA absolute accuracy is defined as the maximum deviation between the DL NRS power indicated on the DL-SCH and the DL NRS power of each NB-IoT carrier within the OTA coverage range.

9.6.4.1 Minimum requirements for SAN type 1-O

For SAN type 1-O, the OTA absolute accuracy for DL RS power shall be the same as clause 6.5.4.1.

9.7 OTA unwanted emissions

9.7.1 General

Unwanted emissions consist of so-called out-of-band emissions and spurious emissions according to ITU definitions ITU-R SM.329 [2]. In ITU terminology, out of band emissions are unwanted emissions immediately outside the SAN channel bandwidth resulting from the modulation process and non-linearity in the transmitter but excluding spurious emissions. Spurious emissions are emissions which are caused by unwanted transmitter effects such as harmonics emission, parasitic emission, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products, but exclude out of band emissions.

The OTA out-of-band emissions requirement for the SAN type 1-O is specified both in terms of Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio (ACLR) and operating band unwanted emissions (OBUE). The OTA Operating band unwanted emissions define all unwanted emissions in each supported downlink operating band plus the frequency ranges Δf_OBUE above and Δf_OBUE below each band. OTA Unwanted emissions outside of this frequency range are limited by an OTA spurious emissions requirement.

The maximum offset of the operating band unwanted emissions mask from the operating band edge is Δf_OBUE. The value of Δf_OBUE is defined in table 9.7.1-1 for SAN type 1-O for the SAN operating bands.

Table 9.7.1-1: Maximum offset Δf_OBUE outside the downlink operating band

SAN type	Operating band characteristics	Δf_OBUE (MHz)
SAN type 1-O	F_DL,high – F_DL,low < 100 MHz	2*BW_Channel

The unwanted emission requirements are applied per cell for all the configurations.

There is in addition a requirement for occupied bandwidth.

9.7.2 OTA occupied bandwidth

9.7.2.1 General

The OTA occupied bandwidth is the width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage /2 of the total mean transmitted power. See also recommendation ITU-R SM.328 [5].

The value of /2 shall be taken as 0.5%.

The minimum requirement below may be applied regionally. There may also be regional requirements to declare the OTA occupied bandwidth according to the definition in the present clause.

The OTA occupied bandwidth is defined as a directional requirement and shall be met in the manufacturer’s declared OTA coverage range at the RIB.

9.7.2.2 Minimum requirement for SAN type 1-O

The OTA occupied bandwidth for each carrier shall be less than the SAN channel bandwidth.

9.7.3 OTA Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR)

9.7.3.1 General

OTA Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio (ACLR) is the ratio of the filtered mean power centred on the assigned channel frequency to the filtered mean power centred on an adjacent channel frequency. The measured power is TRP.

The requirement shall be applied per RIB.

9.7.3.2 Minimum requirement for SAN type 1-O

For SAN supporting E-UTRA in paired spectrum, the ACLR limit specified in tables 6.6.3.2-1 for SAN GEO class and 6.6.3.2-2 for SAN LEO class shall apply.

For SAN supporting standalone NB-IoT in paired spectrum, the ACLR limit specified in tables 6.6.3.2-3 for SAN GEO class and 6.6.3.2-4 for SAN LEO class shall apply.

For a RIB operating in multi-carrier, the ACLR requirements in clause 6.6.3.2 shall apply to SAN channel bandwidths of the outermost carrier for the frequency ranges defined in tables 6.6.3.2-1, 6.6.3.2-2,6.6.3.2-3 and 6.6.3.2-4.

9.7.4 OTA operating band unwanted emissions

9.7.4.1 General

The OTA limits for operating band unwanted emissions are specified as TRP per RIB unless otherwise stated.

9.7.4.2 Minimum requirement for SAN type 1-O

Out-of-band emissions are limited by OTA operating band unwanted emission limits. Unless otherwise stated, the operating band unwanted emission limits are defined from Δf_OBUE below the lowest frequency of each supported downlink operating band up to Δf_OBUE above the highest frequency of each supported downlink operating band. The values of Δf_OBUE are defined in table 9.7.1-1 for the Satellite operating bands.

The requirements shall apply whatever the type of transmitter considered and for all transmission modes foreseen by the manufacturer’s specification. For a RIB operating in multi-carrier, the requirements apply to SAN channel bandwidths of the outermost carrier for the frequency ranges defined in clause 6.6.4.1.

The OTA operating band unwanted emission requirement for SAN type 1-O shall not exceed each applicable limit in clause 6.6.4.2.

9.7.5 OTA transmitter spurious emissions

9.7.5.1 General

Unless otherwise stated, all requirements are measured as mean power.

The OTA spurious emissions limits are specified as TRP per RIB unless otherwise stated.

9.7.5.2 Minimum requirement for SAN type 1-O

9.7.5.2.1 General

The OTA transmitter spurious emission limits shall apply from 30 MHz to the 5^th harmonic of the upper frequency edge of the DL operating band, excluding the frequency range from Δf_OBUE below the lowest frequency of each supported downlink operating band, up to Δf_OBUE above the highest frequency of each supported downlink operating band, where the Δf_OBUE is defined in table 9.7.1-1.

The requirements shall apply whatever the type of transmitter considered (single carrier or multi-carrier). It applies for all transmission modes foreseen by the manufacturer’s specification.

9.7.5.2.2 General OTA transmitter spurious emissions requirements

The basic limits of table 9.7.5.2.2-1 shall apply. The application of those limits shall be the same as for operating band unwanted emissions in clause 6.6.4.

Table 9.7.5.2.2-1: General SAN transmitter spurious emission limits

Spurious frequency range	P_rated,c,TRP (dBm)	Basic limit (dBm)	Measurement bandwidth (kHz)	Notes
30 MHz – 5^th harmonic of the upper frequency edge of the DL operating band	≤ 47	-13	4	NOTE 1, NOTE 2, NOTE 3
	> 47	P_rated,c,TRP – 60dB
NOTE 1: Measurement bandwidths as in ITU-R SM.329 [2], s4.1. NOTE 2: Upper frequency as in ITU-R SM.329 [2], s2.5 table 1. NOTE 3: The lower frequency limit is replaced by 0.7 times the waveguide cut-off frequency, according to ITU-R SM.329 [2], for systems having an integral antenna incorporating a waveguide section, or with an antenna connection in such form, and of unperturbed length equal to at least twice the cut-off.

9.8 OTA transmitter intermodulation

The requirement is not applicable in this version of the specification.