5.4 Attribute definitions

28.6283GPPInformation Service (IS)Release 17Self-Organizing Networks (SON) Policy Network Resource Model (NRM) Integration Reference Point (IRP)Telecommunication managementTS

5.4.1 Attribute properties

The following table defines the attributes that are present in the Information Object Classes (IOCs) of the present document.

Attribute Name

Documentation and Allowed Values

Properties

aasSplitSwitch

This attribute allows the operator to enable/disable the AAS cell splitting functionality.

allowedValues: on, off

type: <<enumeration>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

aasMergeSwitch

This attribute allows the operator to enable/disable the AAS cell merging functionality.

allowedValues: on, off

type: <<enumeration>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

aasShapeSwitch

This attribute allows the operator to enable/disable the AAS cell shaping functionality.

allowedValues: on, off

type: <<enumeration>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

activeUEAmountLoadRate

This indicates the assigned SON target of the sum number of active UE in DL and UL divided by the nominal capacity of active UE amount, together with its targetWeight.

This target is suitable for AAS.

allowedValues: A set of three numbers:

targetLowerThreshold:

Integer 0..100 (representing a percentage)

targetUpperThreshold:

Integer 0..100 (representing a percentage)

targetWeight:

Integer 1..N. (The higher the number the higher the weight)

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

alterCovConfig

This holds a list of alternative coverage configurations which are used for AAS optimization function to select and switch between these configurations. Each coverage configuration contains the following entries:

  • StateId, which indicates the identifier of the coverage configuration, see 3GPP TS 36.423 [7];
  • horizontalHBW, which indicates the horizontal half-power beamwidth (see NOTE 1);
  • verticalHBW, which indicates the vertical half-power beamwidth (see NOTE 1);
  • maximumTransmissionPowerRange, which indicates the range of maximumTransmissionPower, see TS 28.658 [10];
  • referenceSignalPowerRange, which indicates the range of referenceSignalPower, see TS 28.658 [10]

allowedValues:

StateId:

See 3GPP TS 36.423 [7] subclause 9.1.2.8 for value range of identifier of the coverage configuration.

horizontalHBW:

Integer 0..360 (representing an angle in degrees)

verticalHBW:

Integer 0..360 (representing an angle in degrees)

maximumTransmissionPowerRange:

see 3GPP TS 28.658 [10] subclause 4.4.1 for value range of maximumTransmissionPower.

referenceSignalPowerRange:

see 3GPP TS 28.658 [10] subclause 4.4.1 for value range of referenceSignalPower.

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1..*

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

cocSwitch

This attribute allows the operator to enable/disable the COC functionality.

allowedValues: on, off

type: <<enumeration>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

energySavingControl

This attribute allows the IRPManager to initiate energy saving activation or deactivation. Its value can not be changed by the IRPAgent.

allowedValues: toBeEnergySaving, toBeNotEnergySaving

type: <<enumeration>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

energySavingState

Specifies the status regarding the energy saving in the cell.

If the value of energySavingControl is toBeEnergySaving, then it shall be tried to achieve the value isEnergySaving for the energySavingState.

If the value of energySavingControl is toBeNotEnergySaving, then it shall be tried to achieve the value isNotEnergySaving for the energySavingState.

allowedValues: isNotEnergySaving, isEnergySaving.

type: <<enumeration>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

eRabAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristic

The target is on the number of E-RAB abnormal release related to load divided by the total number of attempted E-RAB setups.

This attribute allows to define for a value the composite available capacity (CAC) range in which the target is valid. For this, it contains one characteristic dependent on Uplink CAC, one for Downlink CAC: eRabAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristicDownlink and eRabAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristicUplink.
At least one of these charateristics must be present.

Together with the characteristic its targetWeight as a SON target is defined as part of this attribute.

The characteristics have the following structure:

eRabAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristicDownlink:
List of one or more entries, each consisting of:
lowerEndOfCacRange,
upperEndOfCacRange,
eRabAbnormalReleaseRateTarget

eRabAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristicUplink:
List of one or more entries, each consisting of:
lowerEndOfCacRange,
upperEndOfCacRange,
eRabAbnormalReleaseRateTarget

Remark:

Formula for composite available capacity:
Available Capacity = Cell Capacity Class Value * Capacity Value

For definition of Cell Capacity Class Value and Capacity Value see TS 36.331 [6]. These definitions lead to a value range of a composite available capacity from 0..10000.
36.423 [7] has cell capacity class value as optional parameter in case of intra-LTE load balancing. If cell capacity class value is not present, than 36.423 assumes that bandwidth should be used instead to assess the capacity.

This target is suitable for LBO.

allowedValues:

lowerEndOfCacRange and upperEndOfCacRange:

Integer 0..10000

eRabAbnormalReleaseRateTarget:

Integer 0..100 (representing a percentage)

targetWeight:

Integer 1..N. The higher the number the higher the weight.

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

eRabSetupFailureRateCharacteristic

The target is on the number of E-RAB setup failures related to load divided by the total number of attempted E-RAB setups.

For E-RAB setup failure related to load the causes “Reduce load in serving cell” and “Radio resources not available” defined in TS 36.413 are used.

This attribute allows to define for a value the composite available capacity (CAC) range in which the target is valid. For this, it contains one characteristic dependent on Uplink CAC, one for Downlink CAC: eRabSetupFailureRateCharacteristicDownlink and eRabSetupFailureRateCharacteristicUplink.
At least one of these charateristics must be present.

Together with the characteristic its targetWeight as a SON target is defined as part of this attribute.

The characteristics have the following structure:

eRabSetupFailureRateCharacteristicDownlink:
List of one or more entries, each consisting of:
LowerEndOfCacRange,
UpperEndOfCacRange,
eRabSetUpFailureRateTarget

eRabSetupFailureRateCharacteristicUplink:
List of one or more entries, each consisting of:
LowerEndOfCacRange,
UpperEndOfCacRange,
eRabSetUpFailureRateTarget

For CAC see eRabAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristic

This target is suitable for LBO.

allowedValues:

lowerEndOfCacRange and upperEndOfCacRange and targetWeight:

See eRabAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristic

eRabSetUpFailureRateTarget:

Integer 0..100 (representing a percentage)

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

esActivationOriginalCellLoadParameters

This attributes is relevant, if the cell acts as an original cell.

This attribute indicates the traffic load threshold and the time duration, which are used by distributed ES algorithms to allow a cell to enter the energySaving state. The time duration indicates how long the load needs to have been below the threshold.

allowedValues:

Threshold: Integer 0..100 (Percentage of PRB usage, see 3GPP TS 36.314 [13])

TimeDuration: Integer (in unit of seconds)

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

esActivationCandidateCellsLoadParameters

This attributes is relevant, if the cell acts as a candidate cell.

This attribute indicates the traffic load threshold and the time duration, which are used by distributed ES algorithms level to allow a n ‘original’ cell to enter the energySaving state. Threshold and duration are applied to the candidate cell(s) which will provides coverage backup of an original cell when it is in the energySaving state. The threshold applies in the same way for a candidate cell, no matter for which original cell it will provide backup coverage.

The time duration indicates how long the traffic in the candidate cell needs to have been below the threshold before any original cells which will be provided backup coverage by the candidate cell enters energy saving state.

allowedValues: Threshold: Integer 0..100 (Percentage of PRB usage (see 3GPP TS 36.314 [13]) )

TimeDuration: Integer (in unit of seconds)

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

esDeactivationCandidateCellsLoadParameters

This attributes is relevant, if the cell acts as a candidate cell.

This attribute indicates the traffic load threshold and the time duration which is used by distributed ES algorithms to allow a cell to leave the energySaving state. Threshold and time duration are applied to the candidate cell when it which provides coverage backup for the cell in energySaving state. The threshold applies in the same way for a candidate cell, no matter for which original cell it provides backup coverage.

The time duration indicates how long the traffic in the candidate cell needs to have been above the threshold to wake up one or more original cells which have been provided backup coverage by the candidate cell.

allowedValues: Threshold: Integer 0..100 (Percentage of PRB usage (see 3GPP TS 36.314 [13]) )

TimeDuration: Integer (in unit of seconds)

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

esNotAllowedTimePeriod

This attribute can be used to prevent a cell entering energySaving state.

This attribute indicates a list of time periods during which inter-RAT energy saving is not allowed.

Time period is valid on the specified day and time of every week.

allowedValues: The legal values are as follows:

startTime and endTime:

All values that indicate valid UTC time. endTime should be later than startTime.

periodOfDay: structure of startTime and endTime.

daysOfWeekList: list of weekday.

weekday: Monday, Tuesday, … Sunday.

List of time periods:

{{ daysOfWeek daysOfWeekList,

periodOfDay dailyPeriod}}

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 0..*

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

esSwitch

This attribute determines whether the energy saving function is enabled or disabled.

allowedValues: On, Off

type: <<enumeration>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

hoFailureRate

This indicates the assigned HOO target of the number of failure events related to handover divided by the total number of handover events, together with its targetWeight.

This target is suitable for HOO or LBO.

allowedValues: A set of two numbers:

the first indicates a percentage, the second a targetWeight (see eRabAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristic).

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 0..*

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

hooSwitch

This attribute determines whether the Handover parameter Optimization Function is activated or deactivated.

allowedValues: On, Off

type: <<enumeration>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

interRatEsActivationOriginalCellParameters

This attribute is relevant, if the cell acts as an original cell.

This attribute indicates the traffic load threshold and the time duration, which are used by distributed inter-RAT ES algorithms to allow an original cell to enter the energySaving state. The time duration indicates how long the traffic load (both for UL and DL) needs to have been below the threshold.

In case the original cell is an EUTRAN cell, the load information refers to Composite Available Capacity Group IE (see 3GPP TS 36.413 [12] Annex B.1.5) and the following applies:

Load = (100 – ‘Capacity Value’ ) * ‘Cell Capacity Class Value’, where ‘Capacity Value’ and ‘Cell Capacity Class Value’ are defined in 3GPP TS 36.423 [7].

In case the original cell is a UTRAN cell, the load information refers to Cell Load Information Group IE (see 3GPP TS 36.413 [12] Annex B.1.5) and the following applies:

Load= ‘Load Value’ * ‘Cell Capacity Class Value’, where ‘Load Value’ and ‘Cell Capacity Class Value’ are defined in 3GPP TS 25.413 [19].

If the ‘Cell Capacity Class Value’ is not known, then ‘Cell Capacity Class Value’ should be set to 1 when calculating the load, and the load threshold should be set in range of 0..100.

allowedValues:

LoadThreshold: Integer 0..10000

TimeDuration: Integer 0..900 (in unit of seconds)

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

interRatEsActivationCandidateCellParameters

This attribute is relevant, if the cell acts as a candidate cell.

This attribute indicates the traffic load threshold and the time duration, which are used by distributed inter-RAT ES algorithms to allow an original cell to enter the energySaving state. Threshold and time duration are applied to the candidate cell(s) which will provides coverage backup of an original cell when it is in the energySaving state.

The time duration indicates how long the traffic load (both for UL and DL) in the candidate cell needs to have been below the threshold before any original cells which will be provided backup coverage by the candidate cell enters energySaving state.

In case the candidate cell is a UTRAN or GERAN cell, the load information refers to Cell Load Information Group IE(see 3GPP TS 36.413 [12] Annex B.1.5) and the following applies:

Load= ‘Load Value’ * ‘Cell Capacity Class Value’, where ‘Load Value’ and ‘Cell Capacity Class Value’ are defined in 3GPP TS 25.413 [19] (for UTRAN) / TS 48.008 [20] (for GERAN).

If the ‘Cell Capacity Class Value’ is not known, then ‘Cell Capacity Class Value’ should be set to 1 when calculating the load, and the load threshold should be set in range of 0..100.

allowedValues:

LoadThreshold: Integer 0..10000

TimeDuration: Integer 0..900 (in unit of seconds)

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

interRatEsDeactivationCandidateCellParameters

This attribute is relevant, if the cell acts as a candidate cell.

This attribute indicates the traffic load threshold and the time duration which is used by distributed inter-RAT ES algorithms to allow an original cell to leave the energySaving state. Threshold and time duration are applied to the candidate cell which provides coverage backup for the cell in energySaving state.

The time duration indicates how long the traffic load (either for UL or DL) in the candidate cell needs to have been above the threshold to wake up one or more original cells which have been provided backup coverage by the candidate cell.

For the load see the definition of interRatEsActivationCandidateCellParameters.

allowedValues:

LoadThreshold: Integer 0..10000

TimeDuration: Integer 0..900 (in unit of seconds)

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

iPThrouputLoadRate

This indicates the assigned SON target of the total IP throughput in DL and UL divided by the nominal capacity of total IP throughput, together with its targetWeight.

This target is suitable for AAS.

allowedValues: A set of three numbers:

targetLowerThreshold:

Integer 0..100 (representing a percentage)

targetUpperThreshold:

Integer 0..100 (representing a percentage)

targetWeight:

Integer 1..N. (The higher the number the higher the weight).

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

lboSwitch

This attribute determines whether the Load Balancing Optimization Function is activated or deactivated.

allowedValues: On, Off

type: <<enumeration>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

maximumDeviationHoTrigger

This parameter allows the IRPManager to define the maximum allowed absolute deviation of the cell pair specific part of Handover Trigger (as defined in [14] (§22.4.1.4), from the default point of operation

allowedValues: Integer (+1..+96)

Unit: 0.5 dB

type: Integer

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

isProbingCapable

This attribute indicates whether this cell is capable of performing the ES probing procedure. During this procedure the eNB owning the cell indicates its presence to UEs for measurement purposes, but prevents idle mode UEs from camping on the cell and prevents incoming handovers to the same cell.

If this parameter is absent, then probing is not done.

allowedValues: yes, no

type: <<enumeration>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

minimumTimeBetweenHoTriggerChange

This parameter defines the minimum allowed time interval between two changes of the Handover Trigger performed by MRO.

allowedValues: Integer (0..1440)

Unit: Minutes

type: Integer

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

pDCPDataVolumeLoadRate

This indicates the assigned SON target of the total PDCP data volume in DL and UL divided by the nominal capacity of total PDCP data volume, together with its targetWeight.

This target is suitable for AAS.

allowedValues: A set of three numbers:

targetLowerThreshold:

Integer 0..100 (representing a percentage)

targetUpperThreshold:

Integer 0..100 (representing a percentage)

targetWeight:

Integer 1..N. (The higher the number the higher the weight).

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

rachOptAccessDelayProbability

This is a list of target Access Delay probability (ADP) for the RACH optimization function.

Each instance ADP of the list is the target time before the UE gets access on the random access channel, for the P percent of the successful RACH Access attempts with lowest access delay, over an unspecified sampling period.

This target is suitable for RO.

allowedValues: Each element of the list, ADPn, is a pair (a, b) where a is the targetProbability (in %) and b is the access delay (in milliseconds).

The legal values for a are 25, 50, 75, 90.

The legal values for b are 10 to 560.

If ADPx’s a is larger than that of ADPy, then ADPx’s b must be larger than that of ADPy.

The number of elements specified is 4. The number of elements supported is vendor specific. The choice of supported values for a and b is vendor-specific.

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 0..*

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

rachOptAccessProbability

This is a list of target Access Probability (APn) for the RACH optimization function.

Each instance APn of the list is the probability that the UE gets access on the random access channel within n number of attempts, over an unspecified sampling period.

This target is suitable for RO.

allowedValues: Each element of the list, APn, is a pair (a, n) where a is the targetProbability (in %) and n is the access attempt number.

The legal values for a are 25, 50, 75, 90.

The legal values for n are 1 to 200.

If APx’s a is larger than that of APy, then APx’s n must be larger than that of APy.

The number of elements specified is 4. The number of elements supported is vendor specific. The choice of supported values for a and n is vendor-specific.

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 0..*

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

replacedCells

This holds a list of local identify of the cells which have been replaced by the subject cell within the eNodeB.

allowedValues of each entry: Integer (0..255)

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

roSwitch

This attribute determines whether the RACH Optimization function is activated or deactivated.

allowedValues: On, Off

type: <<enumeration>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

rrcConnectionAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristic

The target is on the number of abnormal RRC connection releases related to load divided by the total number of RRC connection releases.

This attribute allows to define for a value the composite available capacity (CAC) range in which the target is valid. For this, it contains one characteristic dependent on Uplink CAC, one for Downlink CAC: rrcConnectionAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristicDownlink and rrcConnectionAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristicUplink.
At least one of these charateristics must be present.

Together with the characteristic its targetWeight as a SON target is defined as part of this attribute.

The characteristics have the following structure:

rrcConnectionAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristicDownlink:
List of one or more entries, each consisting of:
lowerEndOfCacRange,
upperEndOfCacRange,
rrcConnectionAbnormalReleaseRateTarget

rrcConnectionAbnormalReleaseCharacteristicUplink:
List of one or more entries, each consisting of:
lowerEndOfCacRange,
upperEndOfCacRange,
rrcConnectionAbnormalReleaseRateTarget

For CAC see eRabAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristic

This target is suitable for LBO.

allowedValues: lowerEndOfCacRange and upperEndOfCacRange and targetWeight:

See eRabAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristic

rrcConnectionAbnormalReleaseRateTarget:

Integer 0..100 (representing a percentage)

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

rrcConnectionEstablishmentFailureRateCharacteristic

The target is on the number of RRC connection establishment failures related to load divided by the total number of attempted RRC connection establishments.

This attribute allows to define for a value the composite available capacity (CAC) range in which the target is valid. For this, it contains one characteristic dependent on Uplink CAC, one for Downlink CAC: rrcConnectionEstablishmentFailureRateCharacteristicDownlink and rrcConnectionEstablishmentFailureRateCharacteristicUplink.
At least one of these charateristics must be present.

Together with the characteristic its targetWeigth as a SON target is defined as part of this attribute.

The characteristics have the following structure:

rrcConnectionEstablishmentFailureRateCharacteristicDownlink:
List of one or more entries, each consisting of:
lowerEndOfCacRange,
upperEndOfCacRange,
rrcConnectionEstablishmentFailureRateTarget

rrcConnectionEstablishmentFailureRateCharacteristicUplink:
List of one or more entries, each consisting of:
lowerEndOfCacRange,
upperEndOfCacRange,
rrcConnectionEstablishmentFailureRateTarget

For CAC see eRabAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristic

This target is suitable for LBO.

allowedValues: lowerEndOfCacRange and upperEndOfCacRange and targetWeigth:

See eRabAbnormalReleaseRateCharacteristic

rrcConnectionEstablishmentFailureRateTarget:

Integer 0..100 (representing a percentage)

type: <<data type>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: True

selectedSonCoordPolicy

This attribute indicates the SON coordination policy that is selected by IRPManager in case the SON coordination function is located below Itf-N.

The selected SON coordination policy is one of the enumed value from BaseOnPriority and BaseOnState, wherein

– BaseOnPriority, representing that the coordination is based on the priority order of the SON functions listed in “sonFuncPriorityOrder” attribute;

– BaseOnState, representing the coordination is based on the cell state.

allowedValues: BaseOnPriority, BaseOnState

The examples of SON coordination for some certain conflicting cases based on priority and state are depicted in Annex B.

type: << enumeration >>

multiplicity: 0..1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: False

sonFuncCapabilityBelowItfN

This attributes represents the SON functions supported below Itf-N.

It is a list of SON function name. The SON function name is one of the enumed value from anr, hoo, lbo, es, coc, cco and aas, wherein
– anr repesenting automated neighbor relation;

– hoo representing handover parameter optimization;
– lbo representing load balancing optimization;
– es representing energy saving;
– coc representing cell outage compensation;
– cco representing coverage and capacity optimization.

– aas representing active antenna system optimization

allowedValues:

List of SON function name.

SON function name: Enumerated {anr, hoo, lbo, es, coc, cco, aas}

type: <<dataType>>

multiplicity: 1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: False

sonFuncPriorityOrder

This attribute indicates the priority order of SON functions below Itf-N for SON coordination purpose, in case the selectedSonCoordPolicy equals to “BaseOnPriority”.

It is a list of SON function name, see the detailed description in “sonFuncCapabilityBelowItfN” attribute.

The priority order is indicated by the sequence of the SON function name in the list, i.e., the first element in the list takes the highest priority, and the last element in the list takes the lowest priority.

In case of selectedSonCoordPolicy does not equal to “BaseOnPriority”, this sequence of the SON function name in the list is not used as priority order for SON coordination.

allowedValues:

List of SON function name.

SON function name: Enumerated {anr, hoo, lbo, es, coc, cco, aas}

type: <<dataType>>

multiplicity: 0..1

isOrdered: N/A

isUnique: N/A

defaultValue: None

isNullable: False

Note : The half-power beamwidth is, in a radiation pattern cut containing the direction of the maximum of a lobe, the angle between two directions in which the radiation intensity is one-half the maximum value.

5.4.2 Constraints

None.